Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 4 Paediatrics > Paediatric Cardiology > Flashcards

Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanotic heart conditions

A

Transposition of the Great arteries
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous drainage
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot - if extensive pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acyanotic heart conditions

A

Left to right shunts - ASD, VSD, PDA

Obstruction - Aortic, mitral or pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin to neonate

Trans-catheter or surgical closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Murmur for patent ductus arteriosus

A

Machine-like murmur

Continous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tetrology of Fallot features

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricle hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
Ventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Murmur for Tetrology of Fallot

A

Pansystolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aortic stenosis presentation

A

Fainting and dizziness
Chest pain on exertion - angina
Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Murmur for aortic stenosis

A

Ejection systolic -
second intercostal space, right sternal border
Carotid bruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for aortic stenosis

A

Valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Murmur for pulmonary stenosis

A

Pansystolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Murmur for pulmonary stenosis

A

Pansystolic murmur - second intercostal space, left sternal border)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transposition of the great arteries presentation

A

Cyanosis
Poor feeding
Poor weight gain - failure to thrive
Respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transposition of the great arteries murmur

A

No murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transposition of the great arteries treatment

A

Prostin
Create a ASD
Arterial switch surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tetrology of Fallot treatment

A

Prostin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tetrology of Fallot treatment

A

Prostin

Fontan surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Innocent murmurs pathophysiology

A

Flow murmurs in children, caused by fast blood flow during systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Innocent murmurs features

A 
Soft
Short
Systolic
Symptomless
Situation dependent - changes with posture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When to refer an innocent murmurs

A

Murmur louder than 2/6
Diastolic murmurs
Louder on standing
Other symptoms - failure to thrive, feeding difficulty, cyanosis or shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Investigations for murmurs

A

ECG
Chest Xray
Echocardiography

21
Q

When does the ductus arteriosus normally close?

A

Stops functioning at 1-3 days of birth, and closes completely within the first 2-3 weeks of life

22
Q

Risk factors for PDA

A

Prematurity

Rubella

23
Q

Presentation of PDA

A

May be asymptomatic

Shortness of breath
Difficulty feeding
Poor weight gain
Lower respiratory tract infections

24
Q

Risk factors for Tetrology of Fallot

A

Rubella infection
Increased age of the mother (40 + years)
Alcohol during pregnancy
Diabetic mother

25
Investigations for Tetrology of Fallot
Echocardiogram Doppler flow studies Chest Xray - boot shaped
26
Signs and Symptoms of Tetrology of Fallot
``` Cyanosis Clubbing Poor feeding Poor weight gain Ejection systolic murmur heard loudest in the pulmonary area “Tet spells” ```
27
“Tet spells”
Transient cyanotic episode Caused by pulmonary vascular > systemic resistance - e.g. exercise due to vasodilation
28
Treatment of tet spells
Older children may squat when a tet spell occurs. Younger children can be positioned with their knees to their chest Medical: Oygen Beta blockers IV fluids Morphine - decrease respiratory drive Sodium bicarbonate can buffer metabolic acidosis Phenylephrine infusion - increase systemic vascular resistance
29
Atrial septal defect presentation
SOB Difficulty feeding Poor weight gain Lower respiratory tract infections
30
Eisenmenger syndrome
Pulmonary pressure > systemic pressure Shunt reverses and forms a right to left shunt Due to right sided hypertrophy
31
Complications of atrial septal defects
Stroke - VTE AF or atrial flutter Pulmonary hypertension and right sided HF Eisenmenger syndrome
32
Atrial septal defect murmur
Mid-systolic, crescendo-decrescendo murmur Fixed split second heart sound (S2) - increased blood flow via the pulmonary artery therefore closure of pulmonary and aortic valves is not in-sync
33
Conditions associated with ventricular septal defects
Down’s syndrome | Turner’s syndrome
34
Presentation of ventricular septal defects
Right sided heart failure: ``` Failure to thrive Poor feeding SOB Recurrent respiratory tract infections Hepatomegaly ```
35
Murmur for a ventricular septal defect
Pan systolic murmur at left lower sternal border May have systolic thrill
36
Causes of Eisenmenger syndrome
Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus
37
Signs or Eisenmengers syndrome
``` Raised JVP Hepatomegaly Right ventricular heave Loud P2 Peripheral oedema Pulmonary oedema - crackles ``` Hypoxia: Cyanosis Clubbing Plethoric complection - polycythaemia
38
Management of Eisenmengers syndrome
- impossible to medically reverse condition Supportive: - oxygen - venesection for polycythaemia - anticoagulants - aspirin - prophylaxtic abx - prevent infective endocarditis - sildenafil - pulmonary hypertension
39
Coarctation of the aorta pathophysiology
Narrowing of the aortic arch around the ductus arteriosus
40
Condition associated with coarctation of the aorta
Turners syndrome
41
Presentation of coarctation of the aorta
- Abscent femoral pulses or radial - femoral delay - unequal four limb blood pressure - higher in right arm - systolic murmur - left ventricular heave - underdevelopment of left arm and lower limbs - tachypnoea - poor feeding - grey and floppy baby
42
Signs of aortic stenosis
Thrill Ejection click Slow rising pulse and narrow pulse pressure
43
Complications of aortic stenosis
Left sided heart failure Ventricular arrythmia Bacterial endocarditis Sudden death
44
Conditions associated with pulmonary stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot William syndrome Noonan syndrome Rubella
45
Presentation of pulmonary stenosis
Poor feeding Failure to thrive Fatigue on exertion SOB
46
Signs of pulmonary stenosis
Ejection systolic murmur Palpable thrill Right ventricular heave Raised JVP
47
Ebstein’s anomaly pathophysiology
The tricuspid valve is set lower in the right side of the heart so the right atrium is bigger than the right ventricle Often associated with a ASD Often right to left shunt
48
Ebstein’s anomaly presentation
``` Heart failure - oedema Gallop rythmn Cyanosis SOB Poor feeding Collapse or cardiac arrest ```
49
Pathophysiology of transposition of the great arteries
Aorta carries deoxygenated blood to the body from the right ventricle Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood to the lungs via the left ventricle Associated with a septal defect

Year 4 Paediatrics (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions