paediatric developmental endocrinology Flashcards
What can be given to manage a constitutional delay in growth and puberty in males
Give a short course of testosterone to bring on puberty and their growth spurt
What is used to measure the skeletal maturation
bone age - Xray of the left wrist
What does a low IGF-1 indicate
Growth hormone defficiency
How is puberty staged
Tanner staging
Describe what is checked in tanner staging
- B (breast development)
- G (genital development)
- PH (pubic hair)
- AH (axillary hair)
- T
- SO
describe the results for tanner staging
Tanner stage V - full secondary sexual characteristics developed
Tanner stage I - no secondary sexual characteristics developed - pre pubertal
Tanner stage II - beginning of puberty
What is stage II tanner scale
Beginning of puberty
What is stage I tanner scale
Pre pubertal
Describe puberty in girls
Starts at 9-10 usually and begins with breast budding, then breast development and then menarche
Describe puberty in males
11-12 usually - begins with onset of testicular growth, then penile growth
This is followed by advanced changes of puberty and then facial hair and shaving at the end
What is classified as early puberty in males
<9 years
What is classified as early puberty in women
<8 years
What is classified as delayed puberty in males
> 14 years
What is classified as delayed puberty in females
> 13 years
What are the features of turner syndrome
- Short stature
- Ovarian dysgenesis
- webbed neck
- wide spaced nipple
What is the treatment of turner syndromes in women
Growth hormone
What is the presentation of prader-willi syndrome
- Infantile feeding problems
- Infantile hypotonia - floppiness
- Hyperphagia associated with obesity
- Short stature
- Developmental delay
- Hypogonadism
What mutation is done which causes prade-willi syndrome
Deletion of 15q11-q13
What is achondroplasia
Short limbed dwarfism
What are the symptoms of diabetes in children
4 Ts:
- Thirst (polydypsia)
- Tired
- Thinner
- using the Toilet more (polyuria)
Child with diabetes presents with vomiting - what is the diagnosis until proven otherwise
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is the presentation of DKA - diabetic ketoacidosis
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Sweet smelling breath
- Drowsiness
- Rapid, Deep respiration
- Coma
What is the test for diabetes in children
Finger prick capillary blood glucose test
What is the value in the finger prick capillary test for a diagnosis of diabetes
More than 11mmol/l
