PAD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common form of peripheral vascular disease

A

Peripheral artery disease

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2
Q

What is PAD

A

progressive narrowing of arteries due to atherosclerosis (decreased blood flow to legs)

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3
Q

What is PAD associated with

A

elevated risk of CVD, morbidity and mortality

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4
Q

How do PAD patients typically present

A

40+ y/o, with HTN, hypercholesterolemia, DM, impaired renal function, Hx smoking, and Hx CAD/CVD

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5
Q

What are symptoms of PAD

A

Intermittent claudication

Pain at REST if LE

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6
Q

What will PAD physical exam show

A

nonspecific signs of decreased blood flow (cool extremities, thick toe nails, lack of hair on halves and feet)

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7
Q

What diagnostic test can you use to diagnose PAD

A

Ankle Brachial Index

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8
Q

What is treatment for PAD

A

smoking cessation
exercise
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (stent)

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9
Q

When should you administer drug control

A

cholesterol
blood pressure
blood sugar
prevent blood clots

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10
Q

How much aspirin should you give to a patient with PAD

A

81-325 mg daily

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11
Q

How does aspirin affect PAD

A

Irreversibly inhibits PG in platelets, preventing thromboxane A2 formation

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12
Q

What are side effects of aspirin

A

GI upset

bleeding

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13
Q

What are contraindications of aspirin

A

active bleeding
hemophilia
thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

What is thromboxane A2

A

a powerful vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist made from the Arachidonic Acid cascade

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15
Q

What is dipyridamole

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

give at 400 mg (+ 50 mg aspirin)

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16
Q

What are side effects of Dipyridamole

A
angina
dyspnea
hypotension
headache
dizziness
17
Q

Who should NOT use Dipyridamole

A

those with CAD or active bleeding

18
Q

What is Cilostazole

A

a Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that supresses platelet aggregation and causes direct artery vasodilation
Give 100mg 2xday

19
Q

What are side effects of Cilostazole

A

fever
infection
tachycardia

20
Q

Who should never use Cilostazle

A

CHF patients

21
Q

What is clopidogrel (plavix)

A

inhibits binding of ADP to platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets

22
Q

What are side effects of plavix

A

CP
purpura
generalized pain
rash

23
Q

Who should not use clopidogrel

A

Those with active bleeding (ulcer, IC hemorrhage)

24
Q

What is Pentoxifylline

A

Alters RBC flexibility, decreases platelet adhesion, reduces blood viscosity, and decreases fibrinogen concentration
Give 1.2 g

25
Q

What are side effects of Pentoxifylline

A

Dyspnea
N/V
HA
dizziness

26
Q

Who should not use Pentoxifylline

A

those with active bleeding

if w/ recent retinal or cerebral hemorrhage

27
Q

What is Ticlopidine

A

inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptor causing irreversible inhibition of platelets
Give 500mg

28
Q

What are side effects of ticlopidine

A
leukopenia
rash
thrombocytopenia
neutropenia
aplastic anemia
29
Q

Who should not use Ticlopidine

A

those with active bleeding
hemophilia
thrombocytopenia

30
Q

Is there clinical significance behind giving antiplatelet therapy to one with PAD?

A

No, there is no statistical significance showing prevention or delay in progression of PAD with anti-platelet therapy