Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nayla Pharm > 3- Asthma > Flashcards

3- Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs prevent bronchoconstriction (early phase treatment)

A

Beta Agonists
Theophylline
Anticholinergics
Mediator antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What meds prevent irritation reactions

A

Lipooxygenase and LT inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are phosphodiesterases

A

Enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides (cAMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is asthma

A

episodic ro chronic airflow obstruction that is reversible (per PFT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathologic changes in bronchus due to asthma include

A 
Narrow lumen
BM hypertrophy 
Mucus plug
Constriction
Inflammatory cells cause edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in the 3 phases of asthma

A

Minutes: Mast cells release inflammation cells and cause bronchoconstriction
Hours: Neutro, Eosino, Macro, and Monocytes cause submucosal edema
Days: Eosino and lymphocytes cause epithelial damage and increase mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MOA of Beta 2 Agonists

A

Stimulate adenylyl cyclase= increased cAMP= bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Beta 2 Agonists

A

Short: albuterol, terbuterol, metaproterenol
Long: Salmeterol, formeterol, indacaterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are side effects of beta 2 agonists

A

Tremor, tachycardia

Long acting: also CV events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the MOA of theophylline (Methylxanthine)

A

Inhibits PDE= increased cAMP= bronchodilation
Blocks adenosine
(increases diaphragm strength in COPD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is unique about the clearance of Theophylline

A

it varies with age;
Highest in young teens
High in smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Theophylline used for

A

Asthma prophylaxis against night attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Side effects of Theophylline are

A 
Insomnia
Tremor
Anorexia
Seizures
Arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do Caffeine and theobromine work

A

Caffeine: similar but W/ increased CNS effects
Theobromine: similar but W/ increased cardiac effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can help reverse the cardiac effect of Theophylline

A

Beta blockers!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of anticholinergics

A

Competitively block muscarinic receptors= no Vagal bronchoconstriction

17
Q

What are the Anti-muscarinics

A

Atropine (belladonna alkaloid)
Ipratropium (SAMA)
Tiotropium (LAMA)

18
Q

Side effects of antimuscarinics are

A

dry mouth

cough

19
Q

How do corticosteroids work

A

Block phospholipase A2= decrease in Arachidonic acid
Inhibit COX2
decrease mediator release (LT)
Increase B adrenoreceptor response

20
Q

What are side effects of corticosteroids

A

Pharyngeal candidiasis
Adrenal suppression
Mild growth retardation in kids

21
Q

What is Prednisone

A

systemic oral steroid for acute exacerbations/severe refractory asthma
Dexamethasone is most powerful

22
Q

What are the aerosol corticosteroids

A

Beclamethosone
Budesonide
Flusonide
Fluticasone

23
Q

What is prednisolone

A

IV corticosteroid for status asmathacus (+ hydrocortisone)

24
Q

What are the effects of ICS

A

reduced mediator inflammation

25
Q

How do Zafirlukast and Montelukast work

A

Interfere with LTD4 receptors and prevent exercise, antigen, and aspirin induced bronchospasm
*NOT for acute use

26
Q

How does Zileuton work

A

inhibits 5-lipooxygenase = AA not converted to LT

prevents exercise, antigen, and aspirin induced asthma

27
Q

What are the S/E of Zileuton

A

elevates liver enzymes

28
Q

How does Cromolyn work

A

Decreases the release of mediators (histamine) from mast cells = prevents acute bronchospasm

29
Q

When is cromolyn mainly used

A

for ophthalmic, nasopharyngeal, and GI allergies
for specific events, like going to a garden party
*not really used for prophylaxis

30
Q

S/E of Cromolyn are

A

cough

31
Q

What is the MOA of Omalizumab

A

anti-IgE Antibody; binds to IgE on mast cells and prevents activation

32
Q

Omalizumab is used to

A

decerase frequency of exacerbations

33
Q

S/E of omalizumab are

A

unknown; but it’s very expensive

34
Q

What is the MOA of mepolizumab

A

Antibody to IL5 great for eosinophilic ashma

Sub-Q administration

35
Q

Side effects of Mepolizumab are

A

increase in zoster- must be immunized with varicella zoster vaccine at least 4 weeks prior to starting med

36
Q

When should you add SLIT

A

in adults with house dust mite sensitivity with allergic rhinitis if Sx not relieved with ICS and FEV1 is >70%

37
Q

What are the step treatments GINA provides

A

1: SABA prn
2: + low dose ICS
3: + low dose ICS and LABA
4: Med/high dose ICS and LABA
5: Refer for add on Tx (tiotropium, anti-IgE, anti-IL5)

38
Q

What does GINA recommend for most patients

A

low dose ICS- even if Sx are infrequent, they’ll help reduce risk of exacerbations

Nayla Pharm (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions