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RD1037 > PACS > Flashcards

PACS Flashcards

1
Q

what is PACS

A
  • way of storing, backing up + recalling all images that are produced in medical imaging
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2
Q

what are PACS made up of

A
  • made up of storage servers and workstations
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3
Q

what is a PACS

A
  • a system for acquisition, storage, transmission + display of medical images from various sources
  • incl. CR/DR, CT, MRI + ultrasound
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4
Q

what would PACS systems include

A
  • storage servers
  • high resolution displays
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5
Q

what are PACS systems completely reliant upon

A

network software

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6
Q

examples of viewing systems

A
  • diagnostic
  • radiographic
  • clinical
  • web browsers
  • home PC’s
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7
Q

when is tape media used in imaging

A

used as remote back up for a lot of PACS systems due to high storage capacity + low maintenance cost

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8
Q

tape media in event of fire/explosion

A

back up keeps data safe

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9
Q

single hard drive use in imaging

A
  • single hard drives use magnetic data on a spinning
  • advantages; cheap, good support, universal, small, portable types
  • disadvantage; prone to catastrophic failure
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10
Q

most commonly used data storage devices in medicines

A

single hard drive

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11
Q

what are hard drives arranged in

A

RAID systems

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12
Q

what are hard drives arranged in RAID systems

A

typically used for on-site hospital data storage + access due to their high storage capacity

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13
Q

what is interoperability

A
  • ability of different types of computers, networks, operating systems + applications to work together effectively without prior communication
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14
Q

each hospital has its own

A

combination of RIS/HIS and PACS

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15
Q

how do system interfaces work

A
  • each system relies on information from other systems to work correctly
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16
Q

what are RIS/HIS and PACS connected by

A

dedicated computer systems called interface engines
- use HL7 (health level 7) messages to communicate with one another

17
Q

HL7

A

international health communications protocol

18
Q

image size formula

A

matrix size x bit depth

19
Q

DICOM

A

digital imaging and communication in medicine

20
Q

what are DICOM images

A

an image format that complies with IHE (integrating healthcare initiative) standards

21
Q

what type of images do DICOM contain

A

contains an image that can be different sizes, aspect ratios and header information

22
Q

is DICOM raw data format

A
  • NO
  • every modality has raw data that is normally deleted
23
Q

advantages of DICOM format

A
  • files can be windowed + manipulated with appropriate software
  • file includes header info eg patient name + DOB
  • file encrypted = more secure
24
Q

disadvantage of DICOM

A
  • can be a type of lossy compression (cant recover raw data once converted)
  • raw data of image isnt preserved
25
Q

VNA’s

A

vendor neutral archives

26
Q

what are VNA’s

A
  • separation of PACS vendor + image storage provider
  • image data can be stored on ‘cloud’
  • hospitals in charge of own data - can change PACS supplier without migrating image data
27
Q

advantage of VNA’s

A

allows for more flexible use of image data

28
Q

pros of post processing

A

decreases risk by improving image quality and reducing dose to patient

29
Q

troubleshooting (user error)

A
  • day to day
  • user will never admit fault
  • requires tact by systems admin
30
Q

advantages of PACS

A
  • no loss of data
  • quick access
  • findability
  • good contrast resolution
  • more structured management
  • VNA
  • international reporting
31
Q

disadvantage of PACS

A
  • hospital at risk of catastrophic failure
  • more complex tech
  • IT service suppliers have little understanding to clinical needs + urgency
  • risk of security breaches
32
Q

future of PACS

A
  • integration with other ‘ologies’
  • wireless handled modalities + image access
  • quantum computing
  • advanced systems

RD1037 (8 decks)

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