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RD1037 > monitors > Flashcards

monitors Flashcards

1
Q

what are the original radiology display monitors called

A

originally cathode ray tube (CRT)

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2
Q

what are the radiology display monitors we use now called

A

liquid crystal display monitors (LCD)

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3
Q

how many liquid crystal pixels/cells sandwhiched between 2 pieces of polarized glass

A

1000s

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4
Q

what is the backlight source of LCDs

A

light emitting diodes LEDs

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5
Q

traits of LCDs

A
  • thin and light
  • draw much less power than CRTs
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6
Q

what are single LC pixel - parallel polarisers

A
  • orderly arranged crystals
  • placed between two plates of polarized glass
  • coated with transparent electrodes
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7
Q

how does light pass in an LC

A

light passes through from left
- interlayer film polarises light

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8
Q

why is there varying voltage in an LC

A
  • alter amount of light allowed through to give a certain grey level for that cell/pixel
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9
Q

LCD

A

liquid crystal display

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10
Q

how are LCDs arranged

A

arranged in a matrix on a glass substrate

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11
Q

what does each LC represent

A

one pixel

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12
Q

how many levels of brightness per pixel

A

256

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13
Q

how long is the capacitor in the LCD able to hold the charge for

A

until next refresh cycle

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14
Q

pixel colour filters

A
  • red
  • green
  • blue
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15
Q

how many colours can be made up

A

16.8 million

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16
Q

what lights up LCD

A

LEDs

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17
Q

luminous efficacy for LEDS

A

HIGH

18
Q

lifetime of LED

A

50,000+

19
Q

what is resolution

A

number of pixels demonstrated

20
Q

what is a dot pitch/ pixel pitch

A

distance between centres of two same colour phosphor dots (0.2 to 0.4 mm)

21
Q

when would you use a larger monitor

A

for higher resolution

22
Q

what is luminance

A

brightness of screen or photon energy that reaches the eye

23
Q

what rate does luminance describe

A

the rate at which light is emitted from surface

24
Q

what is luminance given in

A

candelas per square metre

25
Q

what does luminance ratio equal to

A

the maximum luminance to minimum luminance
(Lmax/Lmin)

26
Q

grey scale range consumer displays

A

256 (8 bit)

27
Q

grey scale range medical displays

A

4096 (12-bit)

28
Q

what has a poor greyscale response

A

colour displays

29
Q

SMPTE

A

society of motion picture and television engineers

30
Q

what is the SMPTE test pattern used for

A

a test pattern that we use in imaging to evaluate our quality of our monitors
- required to check SMPTE pattern on a CT on monthly basis

31
Q

SMPTE pattern checks

A
  • the 5% patch within the 0% patch is visible
  • the 95% patch within the 100% patch is visible
32
Q

why is it important to ensure the patches are visible in SMPTE

A

you can distinguish between very small changes in grey levels

33
Q

what is luminance uniformity

A

brightness being completely uniform in all forms of display
- ensure no dark spots/ ineligibility of information on screen

34
Q

display screen equipment (DSE) user regulations

A
  • regular breaks
  • essential use only
  • specific requirement
  • no more than 2 hours at a time
35
Q

DSE equipment

A
  • safe, efficient, comfortable
  • minimal heat + noise
  • minimal glare
  • promote good posture
  • large display
36
Q

DSE workstation

A
  • adjustable screen
  • keyboard at normal height
  • keyboard independent of screen
  • allow comfortable head position
  • adjustable chair
  • assess environment if changed
  • not in contact with uncovered window
37
Q

what considerations do you need to take

A
  • image quality - resolution, luminance and LR, bit depth
  • physical size/ orientation
  • viewing distance should be 60cm
  • hi resolution = larger sizes
  • aspect ratio
  • portrait vs landscape
  • room to work?
  • how many monitors
  • cost?
  • standardise monitors in dept (dont have too many different types)
  • use
  • can performance be affected by environment and room lighting?
  • protective cover or not
  • QA
38
Q

what does pixel size depend on

A

primary application

39
Q

primary class

A

diagnostic (reporting)

40
Q

secondary class

A

review (workstation)

RD1037 (8 decks)

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