PA 1 FINAL - Fall 2024

Question 1

1.1 True/False
Technician, technologist, and sonologist are all the same thing

Answer 1

False

Question 2

1.2 What is the oldest imaging modality?

Answer 2

X-ray

Question 3

1.3 Who was the first president of the ASUTS?

Answer 3

Joan Baker

Question 4

1.4 The U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor statistics first classified a diagnostic medical sonographer as a separate occupation in what year?

Answer 4

2003

Question 5

1.5 On September 16, 1980 the ASUTS changed its name to _________

Answer 5

SDMS

Question 6

1.6 Which organization established a credentialing examination for sonographers?

Answer 6

SDMS

Question 7

1.7 True/False
In the beginning, sonographers gained their credentials by first doing a throurpugh scanning evaluation then if passed, an oral case study section.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

1.8 Who described the changed in the frequency f transmitted waves when renal active motion exists between the wave and the transducer?

Answer 8

Christian Andreas Doppler

Question 9

1.8 Who developed the first medical application of ultrasound by detecting gallstones?

Answer 9

Dr. George Ludwig

Question 10

1.8 Who developed the first Doppler ultrasound device for medical diagnostic purposes?

Answer 10

Shigeo Satomura

Question 11

1.8 Who developed a new type of scan converter that allowed for different shades of gray giving birth to grayscale imaging?

Answer 11

George Kossoff

Question 12

1.9 WRITTEN

Give an example of an open ended question along with a possible response:

Answer 12

Q: “so what brings you in today?”
A: “soooooo blah blah blah”

Question 13

1.10 WRITTEN
List 3 of the “sacred seven” when pertaining to patient history taking. Give an example of what you would ask for each.

Answer 13

Localization - “does it hurt worse when I press here?”
Quality - “On a scale of 1010, how intense would you say your pain is?”
Alleviating factors - “Have you had any relief from pain since your last bowel movement?”

Question 14

1.11 True/False
In a medical emergency, the physician caring for a patient may give consent for an ultrasound to be performed.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

1.12 True/False
Leg swelling is considered an objective finding

Answer 15

True

Question 16

1.13 True/False
Tingling is considered a symptom

Answer 16

True

Question 17

1.14 WRITTEN

Would you consider the following scenario qualitative or quantitative information? Explain your reasoning.

Your patient is complaining of abdomen pain. You give them the chart below and ask them to point to the face that is closest to how they are feeling at this time. They point to the orange face that corresponds to the number 6.

Answer 17

• Qualitative
  While the chart is technically a “measurement” of the patient’s personal pain level, it does not involve enough factual or specific evidence to be considered quantitative.

Question 18

1.18 WRITTEN

List three ways you can let your patient know you are listening to what they are saying

Answer 18

1 repeat what they say back to them
2 Eye contact
3 Answer all of their questions in the order they ask them

Question 19

1.20 You are hiring a new sonographer for the night shift at your facility. There is only one sonographer on the night shift and 4 during the day. What are the 3 top attributes you will be looking for in that individual? Why are those important to you for that position? Would you look for different qualities if you were hiring for a daytime position?

Answer 19

1 Dependable
2. Team player
3. Hard working

Question 20

1.21 Many employers look for “team players”. Describe what this means to you.

Answer 20

someone who is always looking out for their teammates and the greater good of their community as a whole.

Question 21

2.1 True/False Prior to a sonographic exam, the technologist needs to verify the diagnosis code matches the exam being performed

Answer 21

True

Question 22

2.3 WRITTEN
What is the purpose of OSHA?

Answer 22

To ensure the health and safety of employees working environments

Question 23

2.4 What three medications are used in the treatment of TOS?

Answer 23

-Ibuprofen
-Blood thinners
-Botox

Note: NOT beta blockers

Question 24

2.5 What is the most common type of TOS?

Answer 24

Neurogenic

Question 25

2.6 What are three symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 25

-Finger stiffness -Sweaty palms -Numbness in the fingers -Note: NOT blood clot

Question 26

2.7 What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 26

Nerve entrapment syndrome that occurs when there is compression of the MEDIAN nerve

Question 27

2.8 True/False Carpal tunnel syndrome must be alleviated surgically

Answer 27

False

Question 28

2.9 What is a possibility if De Quervains disease is left untreated?

Answer 28

-permanent loss of function/ range of motion -tendon sheath can burst -tendon can tear (All are possible)

Question 29

2.10 What are some tasks that can cause De Quervains Disease?

Answer 29

-Maneuvering ultrasound probes for an extended amount of time -Excessive "gaming" -Texting/ Scrolling on phones —All can elicit De Quervain's

Question 30

2.11 If you perform the Finkelstein test and it is positive, where will you experience pain?

Answer 30

The base of the thumb

Question 31

2.12 What is the most common symptom of plantar fasciitis ?

Answer 31

Sharp heel pain, especially in the morning

Question 32

2.13 What three things are used for plantar fasciitis pain/treatment?

Answer 32

-theraband stretches -toe yoga -balancing on one foot Note: NOT walking barefoot

Question 33

2.14 what makes a person more likely to get osteoarthritis?

Answer 33

Excessive body weight

Question 34

2.15 What is another name for osteoarthritis?

Answer 34

Wear and tear arthritis

Question 35

2.16 Where is the tarsal tunnel found?

Answer 35

Medial aspect of the ankle

Question 36

2.17 True/False The medial plantar nerve is being compressed in the setting of tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 36

False

Question 37

2.18 **WRITTEN** Name and describe three different kinds of workplace stress:

Answer 37

1. Eustress - positive stress 2. Hyperstress - negative stress 3. Hypostress - absence of stress

Question 38

2.19 Describe three things that you can do to help eliminate the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. They must be completely different concepts or unrelated topics.

Answer 38

1. Exercising and stretching regularly 2. Maintaining proper posture 3. Taking mini breaks while scanning

Question 39

2.20 True/False The occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries among sonographers is on the decline because of better ergonomic tools in the workplace.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

2.21 **WRITTEN** Describe the 20 / 20 / 20 rule:

Answer 40

For every 20 minutes of scanning, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds

Question 41

2.22 True/False Eustress is a positive form of stress

Answer 41

true

Question 42

2.23 True/False Stress and burnout in the workplace have physical and mental repercussions

Answer 42

True

Question 43

2.24 **WRITTEN** List (and describe their use) 3 ergonomic tools that help sonographers do their job in a more ergonomically position.

Answer 43

1. Adjustable Equipment (Having a chair, machine, patient bed, etc. that the sonographer can adjust to the most comfortable height for them to scan in prevents awkward positioning) 2. A workspace that is specifically designed for them (plenty of room to move around and easy access to all their equipment without any additional effort on the sonographers part) 3. Special scanning glasses for sonographers who wear bifocals/trifocals (prevents strain on the neck from looking at the screen)

Question 44

2.25 **WRITTEN** Name and describe three different test/manuevers done to verify thoracic outlet syndrome.

Answer 44

??

Question 45

2.26 What diagnostic imaging modality is used to accurately diagnose plantar fasciitis?

Answer 45

MRI

Question 46

3.1 Can you tell if a medication is generic or brand by looking at the name, and if so how?

Answer 46

Yes, the brand name is more simplified and easier to pronounce whereas the generic name is longer and more difficult to pronounce (but not as long or as complicated as the chemical name). (1/2)

Question 47

3.2 What are three medication classes for blood pressure regulation?

Answer 47

beta blockers Vasodilators Calcium channel blockers Note: NOT proton pump inhibitors

Question 48

3.3 Thiazides belong in which blood pressure classification?

Answer 48

Diuretics

Question 49

3.4 _________ reduce the heart rate, the hearts workload, and the hearts output of blood, which lowers blood pressure.

Answer 49

Beta-blockers.

Question 50

What type of blood pressure medication is hydrochlorothiazide?

Answer 50

Diuretics

Question 51

What type of blood pressure medication is Cardura?

Answer 51

Alpha blocker

Question 52

What type of blood pressure medication is valsartan?

Answer 52

Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

Question 53

What type of blood pressure medication is Lisinorpil?

Answer 53

ACE inhibitor

Question 54

What type of blood pressure medication is Monopril?

Answer 54

ACE inhibitor

Question 55

What type of blood pressure medication is atenolol?

Answer 55

Beta-blocker

Question 56

3.6 Describe the difference between choosing a brand name versus it's generic name.

Answer 56

The brand name is more easily pronounceable but does not include a common stem or use words that could potentially exaggerate its benefits or safety. The generic name must meet the USAN's guidelines, be useful to healthcare providers, and have a common stem.

Question 57

2.7 What category of hypertensive medication is considered a first line medication during pregnancy?

Answer 57

Alpha-2 receptor agonist

Question 58

2.11 The right to make your own decisions; to be independent and self-governing

Answer 58

Autonomy

Question 59

A form on law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or governor

Answer 59

Administrative law

Question 60

All laws that affect the individual rather than the whole of society

Answer 60

Civil law

Question 61

Laws based on custom, usage, and the decisions of the court.

Answer 61

Common law

Question 62

3.12 Describe the difference between negligence and malpractice and give an example of each

Answer 62

Negligence is when a medical professional deviates from the accepted standard of care that may result in injury or death to the patient. An example would be a sonographer forgetting to lock a patient's wheelchair. (Unintentional Tort) Malpractice is when negligence has resulted in injury or death to the patient; an example of this would be if a sonographer restrained a patient without their consent. (Battery)

Question 63

3.13 What four things need to be included in an informed consent?

Answer 63

-benefits of the procedure are discussed -all must be done for informed consent -risks of the procedure are discussed -answer any questions the patient may have Note: not all informed consents require the pt to sign an authorization form.

Question 64

3.16 WHat lab test will give you a count red and white blood cells as well as hemoglobin level?

Answer 64

Complete blood count

Question 65

3.17 What lab test is used to monitor patients taking blood thinner medication such as warfarin?

Answer 65

Prothrombin time

Question 66

3.18 True/False A patient that has experienced massive hemolysis will exhibit an elevated indirect bilirubin

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Which of the following lab results is least specific to liver disease? alanine transaminase alkaline phosphatase lactic acid dehydrogenase aspartate transaminase

Answer 67

lactic acid dehydrogenase