PA 1 FINAL - Fall 2024 Flashcards
1.1 True/False
Technician, technologist, and sonologist are all the same thing
False
1.2 What is the oldest imaging modality?
X-ray
1.3 Who was the first president of the ASUTS?
Joan Baker
1.4 The U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor statistics first classified a diagnostic medical sonographer as a separate occupation in what year?
2003
1.5 On September 16, 1980 the ASUTS changed its name to _________
SDMS
1.6 Which organization established a credentialing examination for sonographers?
SDMS
1.7 True/False
In the beginning, sonographers gained their credentials by first doing a throurpugh scanning evaluation then if passed, an oral case study section.
False
1.8 Who described the changed in the frequency f transmitted waves when renal active motion exists between the wave and the transducer?
Christian Andreas Doppler
1.8 Who developed the first medical application of ultrasound by detecting gallstones?
Dr. George Ludwig
1.8 Who developed the first Doppler ultrasound device for medical diagnostic purposes?
Shigeo Satomura
1.8 Who developed a new type of scan converter that allowed for different shades of gray giving birth to grayscale imaging?
George Kossoff
1.9 WRITTEN
Give an example of an open ended question along with a possible response:
Q: “so what brings you in today?”
A: “soooooo blah blah blah”
1.10 WRITTEN
List 3 of the “sacred seven” when pertaining to patient history taking. Give an example of what you would ask for each.
Localization - “does it hurt worse when I press here?”
Quality - “On a scale of 1010, how intense would you say your pain is?”
Alleviating factors - “Have you had any relief from pain since your last bowel movement?”
1.11 True/False
In a medical emergency, the physician caring for a patient may give consent for an ultrasound to be performed.
True
1.12 True/False
Leg swelling is considered an objective finding
True
1.13 True/False
Tingling is considered a symptom
True
1.14 WRITTEN
Would you consider the following scenario qualitative or quantitative information? Explain your reasoning.
Your patient is complaining of abdomen pain. You give them the chart below and ask them to point to the face that is closest to how they are feeling at this time. They point to the orange face that corresponds to the number 6.
- Qualitative
While the chart is technically a “measurement” of the patient’s personal pain level, it does not involve enough factual or specific evidence to be considered quantitative.
1.18 WRITTEN
List three ways you can let your patient know you are listening to what they are saying
1 repeat what they say back to them
2 Eye contact
3 Answer all of their questions in the order they ask them
1.20 You are hiring a new sonographer for the night shift at your facility. There is only one sonographer on the night shift and 4 during the day. What are the 3 top attributes you will be looking for in that individual? Why are those important to you for that position? Would you look for different qualities if you were hiring for a daytime position?
1 Dependable
2. Team player
3. Hard working
1.21 Many employers look for “team players”. Describe what this means to you.
someone who is always looking out for their teammates and the greater good of their community as a whole.
2.1 True/False Prior to a sonographic exam, the technologist needs to verify the diagnosis code matches the exam being performed
True
2.3 WRITTEN
What is the purpose of OSHA?
To ensure the health and safety of employees working environments
2.4 What three medications are used in the treatment of TOS?
-Ibuprofen
-Blood thinners
-Botox
Note: NOT beta blockers
2.5 What is the most common type of TOS?
Neurogenic
2.6 What are three symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
-Finger stiffness
-Sweaty palms
-Numbness in the fingers
-Note: NOT blood clot
2.7 What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Nerve entrapment syndrome that occurs when there is compression of the MEDIAN nerve
2.8 True/False
Carpal tunnel syndrome must be alleviated surgically
False
2.9 What is a possibility if De Quervains disease is left untreated?
-permanent loss of function/ range of motion
-tendon sheath can burst
-tendon can tear
(All are possible)
2.10 What are some tasks that can cause De Quervains Disease?
-Maneuvering ultrasound probes for an extended amount of time
-Excessive “gaming”
-Texting/ Scrolling on phones
—All can elicit De Quervain’s
2.11 If you perform the Finkelstein test and it is positive, where will you experience pain?
The base of the thumb
2.12 What is the most common symptom of plantar fasciitis ?
Sharp heel pain, especially in the morning
2.13 What three things are used for plantar fasciitis pain/treatment?
-theraband stretches
-toe yoga
-balancing on one foot
Note: NOT walking barefoot
2.14 what makes a person more likely to get osteoarthritis?
Excessive body weight
2.15 What is another name for osteoarthritis?
Wear and tear arthritis
2.16 Where is the tarsal tunnel found?
Medial aspect of the ankle
2.17 True/False
The medial plantar nerve is being compressed in the setting of tarsal tunnel syndrome
False
2.18 WRITTEN
Name and describe three different kinds of workplace stress:
- Eustress - positive stress
- Hyperstress - negative stress
- Hypostress - absence of stress
2.19 Describe three things that you can do to help eliminate the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. They must be completely different concepts or unrelated topics.
- Exercising and stretching regularly
- Maintaining proper posture
- Taking mini breaks while scanning
2.20 True/False
The occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries among sonographers is on the decline because of better ergonomic tools in the workplace.
False
2.21 WRITTEN
Describe the 20 / 20 / 20 rule:
For every 20 minutes of scanning, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds
2.22 True/False
Eustress is a positive form of stress
true
2.23 True/False
Stress and burnout in the workplace have physical and mental repercussions
True
2.24 WRITTEN
List (and describe their use) 3 ergonomic tools that help sonographers do their job in a more ergonomically position.
- Adjustable Equipment (Having a chair, machine, patient bed, etc. that the sonographer can adjust to the most comfortable height for them to scan in prevents awkward positioning)
- A workspace that is specifically designed for them (plenty of room to move around and easy access to all their equipment without any additional effort on the sonographers part)
- Special scanning glasses for sonographers who wear bifocals/trifocals (prevents strain on the neck from looking at the screen)
2.25 WRITTEN
Name and describe three different test/manuevers done to verify thoracic outlet syndrome.
??
2.26 What diagnostic imaging modality is used to accurately diagnose plantar fasciitis?
MRI
3.1 Can you tell if a medication is generic or brand by looking at the name, and if so how?
Yes, the brand name is more simplified and easier to pronounce whereas the generic name is longer and more difficult to pronounce (but not as long or as complicated as the chemical name).
(1/2)
3.2 What are three medication classes for blood pressure regulation?
beta blockers
Vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers
Note: NOT proton pump inhibitors
3.3 Thiazides belong in which blood pressure classification?
Diuretics
3.4 _________ reduce the heart rate, the hearts workload, and the hearts output of blood, which lowers blood pressure.
Beta-blockers.
What type of blood pressure medication is hydrochlorothiazide?
Diuretics
What type of blood pressure medication is Cardura?
Alpha blocker
What type of blood pressure medication is valsartan?
Angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
What type of blood pressure medication is Lisinorpil?
ACE inhibitor
What type of blood pressure medication is Monopril?
ACE inhibitor
What type of blood pressure medication is atenolol?
Beta-blocker
3.6 Describe the difference between choosing a brand name versus it’s generic name.
The brand name is more easily pronounceable but does not include a common stem or use words that could potentially exaggerate its benefits or safety.
The generic name must meet the USAN’s guidelines, be useful to healthcare providers, and have a common stem.
2.7 What category of hypertensive medication is considered a first line medication during pregnancy?
Alpha-2 receptor agonist
2.11 The right to make your own decisions; to be independent and self-governing
Autonomy
A form on law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or governor
Administrative law
All laws that affect the individual rather than the whole of society
Civil law
Laws based on custom, usage, and the decisions of the court.
Common law
3.12 Describe the difference between negligence and malpractice and give an example of each
Negligence is when a medical professional deviates from the accepted standard of care that may result in injury or death to the patient. An example would be a sonographer forgetting to lock a patient’s wheelchair. (Unintentional Tort)
Malpractice is when negligence has resulted in injury or death to the patient; an example of this would be if a sonographer restrained a patient without their consent. (Battery)
3.13 What four things need to be included in an informed consent?
-benefits of the procedure are discussed
-all must be done for informed consent
-risks of the procedure are discussed
-answer any questions the patient may have
Note: not all informed consents require the pt to sign an authorization form.
3.16 WHat lab test will give you a count red and white blood cells as well as hemoglobin level?
Complete blood count
3.17 What lab test is used to monitor patients taking blood thinner medication such as warfarin?
Prothrombin time
3.18 True/False
A patient that has experienced massive hemolysis will exhibit an elevated indirect bilirubin
True
Which of the following lab results is least specific to liver disease?
alanine transaminase
alkaline phosphatase
lactic acid dehydrogenase
aspartate transaminase
lactic acid dehydrogenase
