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Physics GCSE > P6-Waves > Flashcards

P6-Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves do?

A

Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring any matter.

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2
Q

What direction do waves transfer energy?

A

The direction they are travelling.

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3
Q

Describe particles and energy in a wave?

A

Overall, the particles stay in the same place - only energy is transferred.

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4
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position.

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5
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Distance between the same point on two adjacent waves. (E.g the trough of one wave to the trough of the next wave).

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6
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. Frequency is measured in hertz. 1Hz = 1s

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7
Q

What is the period of a wave?

A

Amount of time it takes for a full cycle of the wave.

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8
Q

All waves are either….

A

Transverse or longitudinal.

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9
Q

Describe transverse waves vibrations?

A

They have sideways vibrations.

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10
Q

Describe longitudinal waves vibrations?

A

Have parallel vibrations.

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11
Q

What is wave speed? What is the equation?

A

The speed at which energy is being transferred (or speed the wave is moving at).
Wave speed = Frequency x wavelength.

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12
Q

When a wave meets a boundary what 3 thing might happen?

A

The wave is absorbed.
The wave is transmitted.
The wave is reflected.

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13
Q

What happens when a wave is absorbed?

A

The wave transfers energy to the material’s energy stores. Often, the energy is transferred to a thermal energy store, leading to heating.

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14
Q

What happens when a wave is transmitted?

A

The wave carries on travelling through the new material. This often leads to refraction. Used in communications and lenses of glasses and cameras.

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15
Q

What happens when the wave is reflected?

A

The wave is ‘sent back’ away from the second material. This is how echoes are created.

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16
Q

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves? What do they do?

A

Transverse. They transfer energy from a source to an absorber.

17
Q

How do EM waves travel?

A

At the same speed through air or a vacuum (space). EM waves are not vibrations of particles, they’re vibrations of electric and magnetic fields.

18
Q

Name all waves in order of the spectrum?

A

1)Radio waves. 2) Micro waves. 3)Infrared. 4)Visible light. 5) Ultra violet. 6) X-rays. 7) Gamma rays.

19
Q

What is the spectrum baed off of?

A

Their wavelength and frequency.

20
Q

What is refraction?

A

When waves change direction at a boundary.

21
Q

What happens to the when a wave crosses a boundary?

A

When it crosses a boundary between two materials it changes speed.

22
Q

What happens when a wave is travelling along the normal?

A

It will change speed, but it’s Not refracted

23
Q

What happens to wavelength and frequency when a wave is refracted?

A

The wavelength changes. But the frequency stays the same.

24
Q

Radio waves are made by what type of charges?

A

Oscillating charges.

25
Q

What are EM waves made up of?

A

Oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

26
Q

What are radio waves mainly used for?

A

Communication.

27
Q

What are advantages of long- wave radio wavelengths?

A

Can be transmitted along large distances. This is because they can diffract (bend) around curved surfaces. They can also diffract around hills, into tunnels etc.

28
Q

What are microwaves used by?

A

Satellites.

29
Q

Why are microwaves used by satellites?

A

Because they can pass easily through the earth’s watery atmosphere.

30
Q

Difference between microwave ovens and satellites?

A

Microwave ovens use a different wavelength.

31
Q

What can infrared radiation be used for?

A

To increase or monitor temperature.

32
Q

Uses of infrared radiation?

A

Infrared cameras show different objects thermal energy stores.
Through cooking as well.

33
Q

What are X-rays and gamma rays used in?

A

Medicine.

34
Q

Uses of ultraviolet radiation?

A

Can give a suntan- however high exposure can be dangerous.
When absorbed visible light is emitted.
Security pens.
Also produced by the sun.

35
Q

What types of waves can cause damage?

A

High frequency waves such as UV, X-rays and gamma rays because they transfer lots of energy.

36
Q

Disadvantages of UV radiation?

A

Damages surface cells, which can lead to sunburn and skin to age. Some more higher risks such as blindness or skin cancer.

Physics GCSE (8 decks)

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