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Physics > P6-Waves > Flashcards

P6-Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves do?

A

They transfer energy without transferring matter

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of waves? (Not longitudinal and transverse)

A

Mechanical waves (such as sound, water and seismic waves) and Electromagnetic waves (all forms of light waves).

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3
Q

What is the rest position?

A

The undisturbed position of particles or fields when they aren’t vibrating

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4
Q

What is displacement?

A

The distance that a certain point in the medium has moved from its rest position

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5
Q

What is the peak?

A

The highest point above the rest position

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6
Q

What is the trough?

A

The lowest point below the rest position

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7
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a point of a wave from its rest position

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8
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance covered by a full cycle of the wave, usually measured from peak to peak/trough to trough

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9
Q

What is wave period?

A

The time taken for a full cycle of the wave, usually measured from peak to peak, or trough to trough

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10
Q

What is wave frequency?

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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11
Q

What is the formula linking wave period and frequency?

A

Period = 1/Frequency
T=1/f

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12
Q

What is wave period measured in?

A

Seconds
s

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13
Q

What is wave frequency measured in?

A

hertz
Hz

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14
Q

What is the formula linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength?

A

Wave speed = Frequency x Wavelength
v=fλ

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15
Q

What is wave speed measured in?

A

metres per second
m/s

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16
Q

What is wavelength measured in?

A

metres
m

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of longitudinal waves?

A
  • Oscillations are in parallel with the wave direction
  • A medium is needed for waves to move
  • Examples are sound and seismic waves
  • They have compressions and rarefractions
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18
Q

What are the characteristics of transverse waves?

A
  • Oscillations are perpendicular to the wave direction
  • No medium is needed for waves to move
  • Examples are electromagnetic and water waves
  • They have peaks and troughs
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19
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle between the incident and normal is the angle between the normal and reflected

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20
Q

What is the angle of incidence?

A

The angle between the incident ray and normal

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21
Q

What is the angle of reflection?

A

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal

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22
Q

What is the normal line?

A

An imaginary line perpendicular to the reflective surface?

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23
Q

How are mirrors drawn?

A

With a straight line on the side that reflects and diagonal lines on the other side

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24
Q

What are the virtual rays drawn with?

A

Dotted lines

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25
Q

What is reflection from a smooth flat suface called?

A

Specular reflection

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26
Q

What is reflection from a rough surface called?

A

Diffuse reflection

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27
Q

What is an image in a mirror?

A

Upright, Laterally inverted and virtual

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28
Q

What is refraction?

A

The direction of a wave as it crosses the boundary between 2 media in which the wave travels at different speeds.

29
Q

What are wave fronts?

A

Lines that represent the position of different waves

30
Q

Where does light refract when it enters a more dense medium?

A

Towards the normal

31
Q

Where does light refract when it enters a less dense medium?

A

Away from the normal

32
Q

What is the order of the elecromangnetic spectrum from the longest to the shortest wavelength?

A
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared waves
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet rays
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
33
Q

What is the speed of electromagnetic waves?

A

300 million m/s

34
Q

How does energy change down the electromagnetic series?

A

It increases

35
Q

What can radio waves penetrate through?

A

Anything but the ionosphere

36
Q

What can microwaves penetrate through?

A

Anything

37
Q

What can infrared rays pass through?

A

Most things though stopped by most solids apart from glass

38
Q

What can visible light pass through?

A

Anything apart from opaque objects

39
Q

What can ultraviolet waves pass through?

A

Everything apart from solids and the ozone layer

40
Q

What can x-rays pass through?

A

Anything apart from high density solids e.g. bone and metal

41
Q

What can gamma rays pass through?

A

Anything

42
Q

What rays heat up objects?

A

Radio waves, Micro waves and Infrared waves

43
Q

What rays ionise objects?

A

Ultraviolet rays, X rays and Gamma rays

44
Q

Radio waves: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Used to transmit radio/television programs over large distances
  • None known
45
Q

Microwaves: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Used to cook food by heating up water molecules as well as transmitting signals between satellites and mobile phones
  • Can cause heating of bodily tissues
46
Q

Infrared waves: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Night vision, Security systems, Remote controls
  • Heating absorbed by the skin causing burns
47
Q

Visible light: What is it used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Seeing, Cameras, Fire optic communications
  • No dangers
48
Q

Ultraviolet waves: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Used in sunbeds, security coding and detecting forged bank notes
  • Skin cancer, damage to eyesight
49
Q

X-rays: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • X-ray machines
  • May lead to cancer
50
Q

Gamma rays: What are they used for and what are their dangers?

A
  • Used for sterilising medical equipment
  • High doses can kill cells
51
Q

For a concave lense where is the focal point?

A

Behind the lens (a virtual focus)

52
Q

Outside 2F: Where is the image position, is it magnified/diminuished, is it upright/inverted, is it real/virtual?

A
  • Between F and 2F
  • Diminuished
  • Inverted
  • Real
53
Q

At 2F: Where is the image position, is it magnified/diminuished, is it upright/inverted, is it real/virtual?

A
  • 2F
  • N/A
  • Inverted
  • Real
54
Q

Between F and 2F: Where is the image position, is it magnified/diminuished, is it upright/inverted, is it real/virtual?

A
  • Outside 2F
  • Magnified
  • Inverted
  • Real
55
Q

At F: Where is the image position, is it magnified/diminuished, is it upright/inverted, is it real/virtual?

A
  • No image
  • N/A
  • N/A
  • N/A
56
Q

Inside F: Where is the image position, is it magnified/diminuished, is it upright/inverted, is it real/virtual?

A
  • Anywhere
  • Magnified
  • Upright
  • Virtual
57
Q

What does the colour on a surface depend on?

A

The wavelengths of light the pigments absorb.

58
Q

What does a translucent object do to light?

A

Scatters and refracts it

59
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20-20000 Hz

60
Q

What are the uses of ultrasound?

A
  • Breaking kidney stones
  • Cleaning jewellery
  • Images of unborn babies
61
Q

What are the 2 types of seismic waves?

A

Primary (P-waves) and Secondary (S-waves)

62
Q

What are the properties of P waves?

A
  • Longitudinal wave
  • Fast relative speed
  • Can travel through solids and liquids
63
Q

What are the properties of S waves?

A
  • Transverse wave
  • Slow relative speed
  • Can travel through solids only
64
Q

What colours emit the most infrared radiation starting from the most?

A
  • Matt black
  • Shiny black
  • Matt white
  • Shiny silver
65
Q

What is the cube called in the black body practical?

A

The Leslie cube

66
Q

What happens to the peak intensity of radiation as the temperature increases?

A

The peak intensity moves to shorter wavelengths

67
Q

What is a perfect black body?

A

An object that absorbs and re-emits all radiation that is incident on it-it doesn’t reflect any radiation

68
Q

How are radio waves created?

A
  • Produced by oscillation in electric circuits-transmitter
  • When they are absorbed by a reciever, they create an alternating current
  • The electrical current has the same frequency of the radio waves
  • Displayed by oscilloscopes
69
Q

What are the three types of radio waves?

A
  • Long wave
  • Short wave
  • Very short wave

Physics (8 decks)

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