P3-Particle model of matter Flashcards
What is the formula for density?
density = mass/volume
p = m/V
What are the units for density?
kilogram per metre cubed
g/m³
How could the volume of an irregular solid be measured? (4)
1) Firstly you would need to fill up a eureka tube to the spout so that if there was any more water in it it would tip out.
2) Next you would place a container under the tube to catch any water that will be spilled through the tube
3) Next you would fully submerge the irregular solid and the container will catch the spilt water
4) Finally, you would measure how much water is spilt in a measuring jug/cylinder and convert the ml to cm³.
How do you convert cm³ to m³ ?
By dividing your answer by 100³ or 1000000 or 1million
Describe a solid’s particle arrangement
particles are tightly packed in a regular structure and vibrate on the spot
Describe a liquid’s particle arrangement
particles are tightly packed but free to move past each other and slide past each other
Describe a gas’s particle arrangement
particles are spread out and move randomly
Describe the properties of a solid
Can’t be poured, fixed shape, fixed volume (can’t be compressed), Highest density
Describe the properties of a liquid
Can flow, variable shape, fixed volume (can’t be compressed), High density
Describe the properties of a gas
Can flow, variable shape, changeable volume (can be compressed), Low density
Describe the changes from solid to liquid to gas
Melting, Evaporation
Describe the changes from gas to liquid to solid
Condensation, Freezing
Describe the changes from solid to gas and vice versa
Sublimation, Deposition
What type of changes are changes in state?
Physical changes meaning they can be easily reversed
What are forces between particles called?
Inter-molecular forces
What is internal energy?
The total energy that particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores
What is particle kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy particles have due to their individual motions relative to each other
What is particle kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy particles have due to their individual motions relative to each other
What is particle potential energy?
The potential energy particles have due to their individual positions relative to one another
Describe the internal energy of solids?
- Low kinetic energy
- Low potential energy
Describe the internal energy of liquids?
- Medium kinetic energy
- Medium potential energy
Describe the internal energy of gases
- High kinetic energy
- High potential energy
What is the correlation between kinetic and potential particle energy?
Positive
What is the definition of specific latent heat?
The amount of energy needed one kg of a substance from one state to another without a temperature change
What is it called when the state change for latent heat is from solid to liquid?
Fusion
What is it called when the state change for latent heat is from liquid to gas?
Vapourisation
What is the formula for energy transferred involving specific latent heat of fusion?
Energy transferred = mass x specific latent heat of fusion
E = mLᶠ
What is the formula for energy transferred involving specific latent heat of vaporisation?
Energy transferred = mass x specific latent heat of vaporisation
E = mLᵥ
What causes pressure?
Gas particles hitting the wall of a container
Describe the movement of gas particles?
Random speeds in random directions
What is the formula for pressure?
pressure = force/area
Pa = f/a
What are the units for pressure?
Newtons/metres²
N/m²
What is the unit of measurement for force?
newtons
N
What is the units of measurement for area?
metres squared
m²
What does heating up gas particles do to pressure?
The pressure increases
What does increasing the volume of a container do to pressure?
The pressure decreases
What is the law that describes the inversely proportional relationship between volume and pressure and what is the equation for it?
Boyle’s Law
pressure x volume = constant
pV = constant
