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Physics > P1-Energy > Flashcards

P1-Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the different energy stores (8)

A
  • Chemical
  • Kinetic
  • Gravitational Potential (GPE)
  • Thermal energy (Internal)
  • Elastic Potential (EPE)
  • Magnetic
  • Nuclear
  • Electrostatic
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2
Q

What is a magnetic energy store?

Give 3 examples

A

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart

Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains

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3
Q

What is a thermal (internal) energy store?

Give 3 examples

A

The total kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs,
-anything above absolute 0

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4
Q

What is a chemical energy store?

Give 3 examples

A

The energy stored in chemical bonds

Foods, Muscles, Batteries

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5
Q

What is a kinetic energy store?

Give 3 examples

A

The energy of a moving object

Cars, Comets, Runners

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6
Q

What is an electrostatic energy store?

Give 2 examples

A

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart

Thunderclouds, Van De Graaff generators

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7
Q

What an elastic potential energy (EPE) store?

Give 3 examples

A

The energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed

Stretched elastic bands, Inflated Balloons, Compressed springs

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8
Q

What is a gravitational potential energy (GPE) store?

Give 3 examples

A

The energy of an object at height

Aeroplanes, Kites, Mug on a table

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9
Q

What is a nuclear energy store?

Give 2 examples

A

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Radioactive elements, Nuclear reactors

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10
Q

List the 4 different ways energy can be transferred

A
  • Mechanical work
  • Electrical work
  • Heating
  • Radiation
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11
Q

Describe mechanical work

A

A force moving an object through a distance

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12
Q

Describe electrical work

A

A charge moving due to a potential difference-energy is transferred in a circuit.

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13
Q

Describe heating

A

An increase in thermal energy caused electrically or by chemical reaction

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14
Q

Describe radiation

A

Energy transferred as a wave

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15
Q

What are the 2 energy flow diagrams?

A
  • Transfer diagrams
  • Sankey diagrams
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16
Q

What energy flow diagram shows how much energy is transferred to each source?

A

Sankey diagram

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17
Q

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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18
Q

What are the two energy systems?

A

Open and closed systems

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19
Q

What is a closed system?

A

An system in which no energy transfers take place out side of or into the energy stores of the system

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20
Q

What is energy transferred also called?

A

Work done

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21
Q

What is the equation linking work done, force and distance

A

work done = force applied x distance moved
W=Fd

22
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for work done?

A

joules
J

23
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for force?

A

newtons
N

24
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for distance?

A

metres
m

25
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

A

change in GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height
ΔEₚ = mgΔh

26
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for mass?

A

kilograms
kg

27
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity²
Eₖ = 1/2 mv²

28
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for velocity?

A

metres per second
m/s

29
Q

What is the formula for elastic potential energy (EPE) also called Hooke’s law?

A

elastic potential energy = 1/2 x spring constant x extension²
Eₑ = 1/2ke²

30
Q

What are the units of measurement used for the spring constant?

A

newtons per metre
N/m

31
Q

What are the 2 energy types?

A

Useful energy
Wasted energy

32
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

It dissiapates

33
Q

What is the formula for % efficacy of energy?

A

%efficiency=(useful energy/total energy) x 100

34
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

power = energy transferred/time
P = E/t

35
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for power?

A

watts
W

36
Q

What is the formula for % efficacy of power?

A

%efficiency=(useful power out /total power in) x 100

37
Q

What affects the energy transfer/second through a layer of insulating material?

A
  • The temperature difference
  • The material thickness
  • The material thermal conductivity
38
Q

What radiation do all objects emit?

A

Infrared radiation

39
Q

What part of the visible spectrum is infrared radiation?

A

Just beyond the red part

40
Q

What colour absorbs and emits infrared radiation the best?

A

Black

41
Q

In what circumstance does the temperature of an object increase due to radiation?

A

When it absorb more radiation than it emits

42
Q

What is the definition of specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C
(J/kg/°C)

43
Q

What is the formula for thermal energy transferred involving specific heat capacity?

A

energy transferred = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
ΔE=mcΔθ

44
Q

What is the unit of measurement used for
temperature?

A

degrees Celsius
°C

45
Q

List Renewable energy sources

A
  • Wind energy
  • Wave energy
  • Hydroelectric energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Solar energy
  • Geothermal energy
  • Biomass
46
Q

List Non-renewable energy sources

A
  • Nuclear
  • Fossil fuels
47
Q

List advantages of Nuclear power

A

No greenhouse gases produced
High amount of energy/kg of uranium
Cheap

48
Q

List disadvantages of Nuclear power

A

Radioactive waste has to be stored safely for centuries
If something goes wrong there are catastrophic consequences

49
Q

List advantages of Renewable energy sources

A
  • They will never run out
  • They don’t produce greenhouse gases
  • They don’t create radioactive waste products
  • They can be used where connection to the national grid is uneconomical
50
Q

List disadvantages of Renewable energy sources

A

Not currently able to keep up with energy demands
Wind turbines create sound and visual pollution
Hydroelectric schemes and Tidal barrages affect wildlife
Solar cells take up a large land area
Some renewable energy sources aren’t reliable-can’t produce energy at some times

Physics (8 decks)

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