P6 Flashcards
density equation
density = mass/volume
unit for density
kg/m3
how many grams is 1kg
1000g
how many cm3 is 1m3?
1 x 10-6 cm3
how many ml is 1cm3
1ml
describe solids
- particles are arranged in rows and vibrate about a fixed position
describe liquids
- particles are closely packed but not arranged in rows
describe gases
- particles are in a constant random motion.
- low density- because there are large gaps between particles
as temperature increases, how does kinetic energy of the particles change?
kinetic energy increases so particles move faster
why does increasing temperature increase pressure?
when particles move faster, they collide with walls more often
a gas can be ___ or ___ by pressure changes
compressed, expanded
What is Boyle’s law?
P x V = constant
or
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
Pressure, P, in pascals, Pa
What is internal energy?
Energy stores inside a system by the particles that make up the system.
Internal energy is the ________ of all the particles that make up the system
total kinetic energy and potential energy
how does heating change the energy stored in a system, and what could this produce?
it increases the energy of the particles.
either raises temperature or produces change in state
what is specific latent heat?
the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance with no temperature change
equation linking mass, energy for a change of state and specific latent heat
E = mL
E, energy for a change of state, J
m, mass, kg
L, specific latent heat, J/kg
Specific latent heat of fusion:
change from solid to liquid
specific latent heat of vaporisation:
change of state from liquid to gas
what shows change of state on a graph?
straight horizontal line
density RP aim:
make and record measurements needed to determine the densities of regular and irregular solids and liquids
What is a regular solid object?
Describe the method for calculating its density:
- where volume can be calculated from dimensions
- measure mass of object with balance
- measure side lengths with a ruler
- calculate volume, by multiplying length sides together
- calculate density
What is an irregular solid object?
Describe the method for calculating its density:
- volume cannot be determined from dimensions
- measure mass of object with balance
- fill a displacement cup with water
- carefully drop irregular object into displacement can
- measure the volume of water that leaves the can, using a measuring cylinder. this is equal to the volume of the object
- calculate density
Describe the method for calculating density for a liquid:
- measure mass of measuring cylinder using a balance
- add a set volume of liquid, for example 20ml
- measure mass of cylinder with the liquid in it using a balance
- subtract the mass of the empty cylinder to get mass of the liquid
- calculate density
