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GCSE physics > P6 > Flashcards

P6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Vaporisation or evaporation

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2
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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3
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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4
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

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5
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

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6
Q

Gas to solid

A

Desublimation or deposition

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7
Q

What does internal energy equal

A

Potential energy + kinetic energy

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8
Q

Specific latent heat

A

Is the amount of energy needed to change the unit of mass of a pure substance

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9
Q

Note:

A

When you heat or cool down a material you only ever change the potential enrrgy or kinetic energy at a time, never both

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10
Q

Equation for energy supplied to or lost by the body

A

E= mass of body (kg) X specifc latent heat (J/kg)

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11
Q

What does a joulemeter do

A

Measures electrical energy

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12
Q

Equation for electrical energy

A

E = ITV
I - current, T - time, V - voltage

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13
Q

In a solid, what causes the particles to remain in the same fixed position

A

Because there is a strong force of attraction between the particles

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14
Q

What happens to a solid when the particles are given more energy

A

The particles will vibrate more and if given enough energy, they can brake away from the force and change state into a liquid

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15
Q

Why is there movement from particles in a liquid

A

The forces of attraction in a liquid is weaker than a solid meaning the particles are not strong enough to stay in a rigid structure but will not leave the substances surface

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16
Q

The forces of attraction in a gas

A

Extremely weak enabling particles to mvie around at a high speed

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17
Q

What happens when a gas is heated (given more energy)

A

Its particles gain more kinetic energy and move faster. The particles therefore collide with the surfaces more and with more force

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18
Q

What is internal energy

A

Measure of how much energy a substance has. Made up of 2 different stores of energy: potential and kinetic energy

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19
Q

What is brownian motion

A

Movement of particles in a solid liquid or gas

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20
Q

How does brownian motion change in a solid liquid or gas

A

When the particles are heated up or cooled down, resulting in the particles losing or gaining energy and changes the brownian motion

21
Q

How to measure the density of a liquid

A

Measure the mass of an empty beaker using a balance. Remove the beaker from the balance and pour in the liquid from the measuring cylinder. Weigh the mass of beaker and water and calculate the difference to measure the density of the liquid. Then use equation densitiy = mass / volume

22
Q

Equation for density

A

Mass / volume

23
Q

Equipment for eureka can experiment

A

Measuring cylinder, eureka can, beaker, irregular object, thread and water and top pan balance

24
Q

How to complete eureka can experiment

A

Weigh object on top pan balance, fill can with water and place irregular object (on a string) into the beaker, measure volume of water displaced in measuring cylinder then use equation to find density

25
Q

Latent heat

A

The energy transferred to a substance when it chsnges its state is called latent heat

26
Q

Fusion

A

Sometimes used to describe melting because different solids may join together when melt

27
Q

Flat section of a temperature-time graph:

A

Melting or boiling point if a substance

28
Q

What density objects float in water?

A

Ones with a density less than water (<1000kg/m)

29
Q

Heating a substance (example):

A

When water in a kettle boils, the water turns to steam (water in a gaseous state)

30
Q

Conservation of mass

A

When a substance changes state, the number of particles in the substance is unchanged, therefore the mass is the same

31
Q

Example of conservation of mass:

A

When ice melts, the water it turns into has the same mass, so the mass is unchanged

32
Q

Energy of a solid:

A

Least energetic of the states of matter

33
Q

Energy of liquid:

A

More energetic than a solid

34
Q

Energy of gas:

A

Most energetic out of the states of matter

35
Q

How are melting and boiling points affected?

A

-By impurities in the substance
-e.g. melting point of water is lower if you add salt

36
Q

What happens when pure ice is heated?

A

Its temperature stays at 0 degrees until all the ice has melted.

37
Q

What happens when water is heated?

A

Its temperature stays at 100 degrees after heating and boiling at atomspheric pressure

38
Q

How to calculate Temperature of water:

A

1) Increases until it reaches 0 degrees when the ice starts to melt at 0
2) stays constant at 0 degrees until the ice has melted
3) increases from 0-100 degrees
4) stays constant at 100 detrees as the water turns to steam

39
Q

When a liquid is below its boiling point…

A

Evaporation happens at its surface

40
Q

What is needed to melt a liquid or boil a solid?

A

Energy

41
Q

Internal energy

A

The Energy of the particles that is caused by their individual motions and positions (caused by potential and kinetic energy)

42
Q

What happens when you increase the temperature of a gas?

A

The average speed of its particles increase

43
Q

What does an increase in temperature do to its pressure?

A

It increases it

44
Q

What does it mean if a particle has a larger momentum?

A

It means that they exert a larger force when they collide with the container

45
Q

What does the density of an object depends on?

A

What its made of and how the particles are arranged

46
Q

What happens if you reverse the change of a state?

A

The substance will return to its original form and get back its original properties

47
Q

How does a change of state occur

A
  • if the substance is heated enough,the particles will have enough energy in their kinetic energy stores to break the bonds holding them together
48
Q

What does heating the system do?

A

Tranfers energy to its particles (they gain kinetic energy and move faster), increasing the internal energy

GCSE physics (13 decks)

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