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Physics > P5.1 > Flashcards

P5.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Vibrations

A

Back and forth motion, when something is displaced from its’ equilibrium position

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2
Q

Sound waves

A

A wave produced by a vibration. REQUIRES A MEDIUM IN ORDER TO TRAVEL

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3
Q

Do electromagnetic waves need a medium?

A

NO

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4
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

When the direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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5
Q

Transverse waves

A

When the direction of vibration is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

Distance from the peak/trough to the principle axis/normal line

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7
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance from one peak/trough to the next

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8
Q

Frequency

A

Number of oscillations/peaks passing through a point in one second

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9
Q

Time period

A

Time for one wave to pass a given point

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10
Q

Which part of a wave diagram represents HIGH PRESSURE?

A

Peak

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11
Q

Which part of a wave diagram represents LOW PRESSURE?

A

Trough

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12
Q

Wave velocity

A

The speed at which the energy of a wave is transferred

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13
Q

Unit for time period

A

Seconds, s

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14
Q

Time period equation

A

1 / frequency

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15
Q

Wave equation

A

Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

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16
Q

Wave compression

A

High pressure- particles squashed together

17
Q

Wave rarefaction

A

Low pressure - particles spread far apart

18
Q

How can one physically model waves?

A

Using ripples in water ONLY FOR TRANSVERSE WAVES

19
Q

How to measure the velocity of ripple in water?

A

Using a ripple tank, u already know the frequency at which the machine is making them.

Calculate wavelength by using a strobe (flashing light) and a ruler

20
Q

How to Measure velocity of sound waves?

A

OSCILLOSCOPE - device that shows a changing P.D

Uses same idea of how microphones work

21
Q

2 facteors affecting velocity of a sound wave

A

Temperature

Pressure

22
Q

Refraction

A

Change in wave direction when the speed changes whilst going from one medium to another

23
Q

Does the frequency of a wave ever change?

A

NO, THE FREQUENCY OF EACH WAVE IS UNIQUE AND CONSTANT.

It helps to identify the wave, so if the frequency changes, then the wave will not be the same

24
Q

3 possibilities when a wave hits a boundary

A
  • reflects (e.g. echo)
  • transmitted
  • absorbed

IT DEPENDS ON THE DENSITIES OF THE REGION ON EITHER SIDE OF THE BOUNDARY

25
Q

Frequency of ultrasound

A

Greater than 20,000 Hz - hence we can’t hear it, beyond human ear range

26
Q

How does ultrasound produce images of a baby?

A
  • ultrasound beam is sent into mother
  • waves reflect off the different boundaries of the baby
  • machine calculates distance, using time taken and velocity of the wave and uses the distances to produce an image.
27
Q

What does the outer ear (pinna and auditory canal) do ?

A

Gather the sound waves and directs it to the ear drum ,which then vibrates

28
Q

What does the vibration of the ear drum cause?

A

It causes the ossicles to vibrate. These amplify the vibration and pass it to the inner ear through the oval window

29
Q

Where does the oval window lead to?

A

The cochlea. It is a snail shell shape and is filled w/ liquid

  • transmits the movement of the oval window to the small hairs on the inside wall of the cochlea
  • hairs are attached to sound detecting cells that release chemical substances when stimulated
  • makes nerves send a signal down the auditory canal to the brain
  • brain processes the signal and you hear the sound.
30
Q

Resonance

A

The large amplitude oscillation that happens when u make something vibrate @ its’ natural frequency

31
Q

Natural frequency

A

The frequency at which an object vibrates/oscillates if it is displaced

(E.g. for humans it is 20Hz to 20,000Hz - the parts of the ear cannot vibrate slower or faster than this)

Physics (20 decks)

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