p5 reproduction in plants Flashcards
state the function of the anthers
to contain pollen grains
state the function of the filament
it is a part that is connected to the anther to extend the anther out of the flower or keep the anther within the flower
state the function of pollen grains/pollen
it is a structure that contains male reproductive cells
state the function of the stigma
it is a sticky surface to trap pollen grains
state the function of the style
it is a part connected to the stigma allowing the stigma to be outside or within the flower, it is usually longer than the filament
state the function of the ovary
contains ovule(s) - female reproductive cell(s)
what are ovule(s)?
they are female reproductive cell(s)
describe pollination
pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma
state all (5) the characteristics of flowers pollinated by animal
- sweet smelling
- brightly-coloured petals
- large petals
- has nectar (which is a food source for pollinators)
- stigma and anther will be enclosed within the flower
explain why flowers pollinated by animal have large petals, have nectar, are sweet smelling and have brightly-coloured petals
it is to increase the chance of attracting pollinators to increase the chance of pollination taking place
state all (4) the characteristics of flowers pollinated by wind
- dull-coloured petals
- small petals
- large [feathery] / [hairy] stigma
- anthers will be hanging outside the flower
explain how having a large, feathery / hairy stigma benefits plants pollinated by wind
it increases the chance of trapping pollen grains, increasing the chance of pollination taking place
explain how anthers hanging outside the flower benefits plants pollinated by wind
it increases the chance of pollen grains being carried away by the wind, increasing the chance of pollination taking place
describe fertilisation
fertilisation is the process where a male reproductive cell fuses with a female reproductive cell to form a fertilised egg
state the purpose of seed dispersal
†o reduce competition between [parent plant and young plant] / [young plants] for water, light, space and nutrients
state how young plants which seed(s) is/are dispersed by animal is/are distributed
young plants (seeds) are distributed randomly
state the features of feeding fruit dispersed by animal
it is juicy, edible and brightly coloured
explain how animals disperse seed if seed is edible
animal will eat the fruit including the seed, move further away from the parent plant and disperse the seed through its droppings
explain how animals disperse seed if seed is not edible
animal will carry the fruit and seed further away from the parent plant, eat the fruit and throw the seed away
state the features of non-feeding fruit dispersed by animal
it has [hook-like structures] / [stiff hair(s)]
explain how animals disperse seed if the fruit is non-feeding
the [hook-like structures] / [stiff hairs] of the fruit will cling onto the hair of the animal, as the animal moves further away from the parent plant, the fruit will drop off the hair
state where seeds dispersed by water can be found
young plants are found along the water feature, further away from the parent plant following the direction of water flow
state the features of the fruit that is dispersed by water to allow the fruit to float in the water
- has fibrous husk that traps air
- has spaces within the fruit that contains air
- has a waterproof outer covering
state where seeds dispersed by splitting / explosive action can be found
young plants are found near or around the parent plant
