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physics > P5 > Flashcards

P5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Work done?

A

The amount of energy transferred to an object by an external force when it is moved over a certain distance

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2
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done (S) = force (N) x distance(M)

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3
Q

What happens when a car breaks?

A

Break presses wheel, Force of friction is acting on break and wheel, Kinetic energy of car. Transfers to thermal energy, Temperature of break increase, car slows

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4
Q

What happens to elastic materials when we take away the forces acting on them

A

They return to the original length and shape

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5
Q

What is inelastic deformation?

A

Changes in shape or length in inelastic materials (does not change back)

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6
Q

What equation links force spring constant and extension?

A

Force (N) = spring constant (n/m)x extension(m)

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7
Q

What does distance tell us?

A

How far and object moves (not direction) is a scalar quantity

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8
Q

What does displacement tell us?

A

The distance that an object moves in a straight line from the start to the finish (vector)

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9
Q

What equation links, speed and time and distance?

A

Speed (m) = distance(m)/time (s)

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10
Q

What is the typical walking running and cycling speeds

A

Walking 1.5m/s
Running 3m/s
Cycling 6m/s

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11
Q

What is the velocity of an object?

A

The speed in a given direction

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12
Q

What is the velocity of an object at a constant speed travelling in a circle?

A

Velocity is constantly changing

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13
Q

How do you find the gradient of a distance time graph?

A

Gradient=distance travelled/time taken

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14
Q

What does acceleration tell us?

A

Change in velocity over a given time

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15
Q

What is the equation for acceleration ?

A

Acceleration (m/S(2)= Change in velocity (m/s)/ time(s)

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16
Q

What is the acceleration of an object falling towards the Earth?

A

9.8 m/s. Squared

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17
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The maximum speed achieved by an object freely falling through a gas or liquids

18
Q

Why do some objects which fall experience a lower terminal velocity?

A

Experience more friction due to shape

19
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

-an object remains in the same state of motion unless a resultant force acts on it.

-If the resultant force on an object is zero this means:
a stationary object stays stationary

20
Q

What is Newton second law of motion?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on an object and inversely proportional to the mass

21
Q

What’s the equation for force

A

Force(N) = mass(kg)x acceleration(m/s squared)

22
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to continue in its state of rest, or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

23
Q

What is inertial Mass?

A

The inertial mass is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object

24
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion?

A

Whenever two objects interact, the exert equal and opposite forces

25
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

The total distance travelled from when the driver first spots the obstruction, and to where the car stops

26
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled by the car during the drivers reaction time

27
Q

What is breaking distance?

A

The breaking distance is the distance, the car travels from when the driver applies the brakes to when the car stops

28
Q

How can we measure reaction time?

A

One person holds a ruler and volunteer places fingers on either side of the bottom, Ruler is dropped volunteer catches, The further the ruler drops the longer the reaction time, Look up the distance in reaction time converter

29
Q

What factors influence thinking distance?

A

Tiredness, alcohol, drugs and distractions

30
Q

What Factors influence, breaking distance

A

Wet or icy conditions, less friction
Car has worn breaks, less friction
Worn brakes

31
Q

Equation links, kinetic, energy, mass and velocity

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 mass x velocity

32
Q

What happens during breaking?

A

Brake pad presses wheel,friction acts between brake and wheel,KE of car is converted to TE in brakes,temperature of brakes increase,car slows as it loses KE

33
Q

What are the dangers of applying a very large braking force if a car is going fast

A

Car decelerates rapidly. A large amount of kinetic energy is transferred to thermal energy in the brakes causing the brakes to overheat,driver could lose control .

34
Q

What is momentum of a non-moving object?

A

Zero objects that are not moving, have no momentum

35
Q

How do we calculate momentum?

A

Momentum = mass(kg) x velocity(m/s)

36
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before event is equal to the total momentum after an event

37
Q

Skater A bumps into another skater, Skater B. Skater B is stationary.
The skaters move off together in a straight line.
Explain what happens to the velocity of each of the skaters.
Use the idea of conservation of momentum.

A

-(total) momentum before
(collision) = (total) momentum
after (collision)
-momentum of skater A
decreases and momentum of
skater B increases
-velocity of skater a decreases and velocity if skater b increases

38
Q

scalar quantity

A

-only has magnitude

39
Q

vector quantity

A

-has magnitude and direction

40
Q

Two bumper cars with equal momentum crash into each other and stop.
Explain why both bumper cars stop after the crash

A

-the momentum after the crash is 0
-because the momentum of the cars before the collision was equal and opposite
-so the total momentum before the collison was 0
-therefore momentum was conserved

41
Q
A

physics (9 decks)

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