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physics > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the eight energy stores?

A

Kinetic,
thermal,
chemical,
elastic potential
gravitational potential
electrostatic
magnetic
nuclear

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2
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transferred from one form to another.

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3
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by one degrees Celsius

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4
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done

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5
Q

What is the unit of Power?

A

Watt(w)

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6
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

An energy source, which can be replenished as it is being used up?

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7
Q

what is Kinetic energy

A

the energy stored in moving objects
stationary objects have no KE

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8
Q

how do we calculate KE

A

0.5xmassxspeed

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9
Q

what is elastic potential energy

A

the energy that is stored in a stretched spring

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10
Q

how is extension linked to force appilied

A

extension is directly proportional to force applied until the limit of proportionality

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11
Q

what is meant by gravitational potential energy

A

energy stored in an object due to its position above the earths surface
this is due to the force of gravity acting on an object

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12
Q

how do we calculate gravitational potential energy

A

mass x
gravitational field strength x
height

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13
Q

what is thermal energy

A

the energy stored in an object due to its temperature

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14
Q

what is a system

A

an object or group of objects

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15
Q

what is a closed system

A

no energy can enter or leave

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16
Q

what is the energy transfer like in a pendulum

A

-at the max height the mass has the most amount of GPE
-as the pendulum swings the GPE is transferred to KE
-the mass has the maximum amount of KE at the bottom of the swing
-As the mass swings back up the KE is transferred to GPE again

17
Q

what does friction do as the pendulum swings

A

-friction causes energy to be transferred to thermal energy
-the fixed point and the air around the pendulum gradually get warmer
-thermal energy store is less useful and therefore energy is getting dissipated (wasted)
-the pendulum now swings with less energy and gradually stops

18
Q

how do we reduce friction in a pendulum

A

-reduce air particles
-use lubricants

19
Q

what happens to the energy stores during a bungee jump

A

-at the start all of the energy in the system is stored in GPE
-as the jumper falls energy is transferred from GPE to KE
-when the bungee rope starts to tighten,KE energy store is at its maximum
-when the rope is fully extended the KE is zero
-at this point all the energy is transferred to EPE
-bungee rope recoils,EPE is transferred to KE
-during the acend KE is transferred to GPE
-at the top of the acend all the energy is GPE

20
Q

why does the bungee jumper never return to their original position

A

-energy is dissipated as thermal enrgy
-due to friction with air particles
-due to stretching effects with bungee rope

21
Q

what is work done

A

whenever energy is transferred from one store to another

22
Q

what is mechanical work

A

using a force to move an object

23
Q

what is electrical work

A

current transferring energy

24
Q

how do we calculate work done(j)

A

force x distance

25
Q

what is the equation for power involving work done

A

work done/time

26
Q

what is the equation for power involving energy transferred

A

energy transferred/time

27
Q

what does efficiency tell us

A

tells us the fraction of the energy what we put into an appliance is transferred into useful energy

28
Q

what is the equation for efficiency

A

useful power output/
total power input

29
Q

what is the positives of using nuclear power to generate energy

A

-releases no carbon dioxide,does not contribute to climate change
-extremely reliable

30
Q

how can we reduce loss of heat from buildings

A

-fill cavities with insulating materials with low thermal conductivity
-double glaze windows
-loft insulation with low thermal conductivity

31
Q

what is the negatives of using nuclear power to generate energy

A

-contain highly dangerous radioactive materials,if released by accident it would be potentially disastrous
-decommissioning takes many years and is very expensive

32
Q

why is the total positive charge in every atom of an element always the same

A

-positive charge is carried by protons
-every atom of the same element carry the same number of protons

33
Q

how is heat lost through the walls of buildings

A

-energy is transferred through conduction

34
Q
A

physics (9 decks)

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