P4: U2, M2

Question 1

What are the three central issues?

Answer 1

source, nature, validation of knowledge

Question 2

What are the two major traditions in modern philosophy?

Answer 2

Rationalism and Empiricism

Question 3

Rationalism is presented by

Answer 3

Ren Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Question 4

Empiricism is presented by

Answer 4

John Locke, George Berkley, and David Hume

Question 5

the first central issue

Answer 5

what is the source or sources of knowledge?

Question 6

the second central issue

Answer 6

given the source, what can be known?

Question 7

the third central issue

Answer 7

how do we validate our knowledge claims?

Question 8

The rationalists contend that ___ is the only source of knowledge

Answer 8

reason

Question 9

for rationalists, the type of knowledge gained is ____

Answer 9

formal

Question 10

the rationalists accept only one theory of truth

Answer 10

coherence theory of truth

Question 11

rationalists said that ____ are not genuine source of knowledge

Answer 11

five senses

Question 12

rationalists argue that five sense are ___

Answer 12

unreliable or contradictory

Question 13

knowledge derived from experience is ___,___,____

Answer 13

unstable, unreliable, contradictory

Question 14

______does not deny that reason is a genuine source of knowledge

Answer 14

empiricist

Question 15

We have to use our ____ to have knowledge of the physical world

Answer 15

five senses

Question 16

This is the only contact we have with the physical world

Answer 16

five senses

Question 17

According to _____, perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two kinds: ________, _______

Answer 17

David Hume: Impressions, Ideas

Question 18

Hume did not only accept the five senses but also

Answer 18

passion and emotion

Question 19

positivists only accepted and emphasized only two objects of human reason:____,____

Answer 19

relations of ideas and matters of fact

Question 20

Relations of Ideas

Answer 20

Geometry, Alegbra, and Arithmetic

Question 21

Empiricist disagree with rationalists that the ________- can guarantee _____ knowledge

Answer 21

faculty of reason, empirical

Question 22

faculty of reason: ________

Answer 22

formal knowledge

Question 23

Formal Knowledge

Answer 23

Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry, Logic

Question 24

Two types of knowledge claims

Answer 24

Truth of reason and truth of fact:relations of truth and matters of fact

Question 25

Two types of knowledge

Answer 25

formal and empirical

Question 26

two theories of truth

Answer 26

coherence and correspondence

Question 27

Leibniz’s terms for knowledge claims

Answer 27

truth of reason and truth of fact

Question 28

Hume’s terms for knowledge claims

Answer 28

relations of truth and matters of fact

Question 29

To avoid ambiguity, the knowledge claims are referred now as

Answer 29

empirical and analytic statements

Question 30

Rationalist’s three central issues

Answer 30

reason; formal knowledge; coherence

Question 31

Empiricist’s three central issues

Answer 31

reason and experience; empirical and analytic knowledge; coherence and correspondence