P4: U2, M2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three central issues?

A

source, nature, validation of knowledge

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2
Q

What are the two major traditions in modern philosophy?

A

Rationalism and Empiricism

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3
Q

Rationalism is presented by

A

Ren Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

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4
Q

Empiricism is presented by

A

John Locke, George Berkley, and David Hume

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5
Q

the first central issue

A

what is the source or sources of knowledge?

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6
Q

the second central issue

A

given the source, what can be known?

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7
Q

the third central issue

A

how do we validate our knowledge claims?

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8
Q

The rationalists contend that ___ is the only source of knowledge

A

reason

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9
Q

for rationalists, the type of knowledge gained is ____

A

formal

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10
Q

the rationalists accept only one theory of truth

A

coherence theory of truth

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11
Q

rationalists said that ____ are not genuine source of knowledge

A

five senses

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12
Q

rationalists argue that five sense are ___

A

unreliable or contradictory

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13
Q

knowledge derived from experience is ___,___,____

A

unstable, unreliable, contradictory

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14
Q

______does not deny that reason is a genuine source of knowledge

A

empiricist

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15
Q

We have to use our ____ to have knowledge of the physical world

A

five senses

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16
Q

This is the only contact we have with the physical world

A

five senses

17
Q

According to _____, perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two kinds: ________, _______

A

David Hume: Impressions, Ideas

18
Q

Hume did not only accept the five senses but also

A

passion and emotion

19
Q

positivists only accepted and emphasized only two objects of human reason:____,____

A

relations of ideas and matters of fact

20
Q

Relations of Ideas

A

Geometry, Alegbra, and Arithmetic

21
Q

Empiricist disagree with rationalists that the ________- can guarantee _____ knowledge

A

faculty of reason, empirical

22
Q

faculty of reason: ________

A

formal knowledge

23
Q

Formal Knowledge

A

Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry, Logic

24
Q

Two types of knowledge claims

A

Truth of reason and truth of fact:relations of truth and matters of fact

25
Two types of knowledge
formal and empirical
26
two theories of truth
coherence and correspondence
27
Leibniz's terms for knowledge claims
truth of reason and truth of fact
28
Hume's terms for knowledge claims
relations of truth and matters of fact
29
To avoid ambiguity, the knowledge claims are referred now as
empirical and analytic statements
30
Rationalist's three central issues
reason; formal knowledge; coherence
31
Empiricist's three central issues
reason and experience; empirical and analytic knowledge; coherence and correspondence