P4: U2, M2 Flashcards
What are the three central issues?
source, nature, validation of knowledge
What are the two major traditions in modern philosophy?
Rationalism and Empiricism
Rationalism is presented by
Ren Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, and, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Empiricism is presented by
John Locke, George Berkley, and David Hume
the first central issue
what is the source or sources of knowledge?
the second central issue
given the source, what can be known?
the third central issue
how do we validate our knowledge claims?
The rationalists contend that ___ is the only source of knowledge
reason
for rationalists, the type of knowledge gained is ____
formal
the rationalists accept only one theory of truth
coherence theory of truth
rationalists said that ____ are not genuine source of knowledge
five senses
rationalists argue that five sense are ___
unreliable or contradictory
knowledge derived from experience is ___,___,____
unstable, unreliable, contradictory
______does not deny that reason is a genuine source of knowledge
empiricist
We have to use our ____ to have knowledge of the physical world
five senses
This is the only contact we have with the physical world
five senses
According to _____, perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two kinds: ________, _______
David Hume: Impressions, Ideas
Hume did not only accept the five senses but also
passion and emotion
positivists only accepted and emphasized only two objects of human reason:____,____
relations of ideas and matters of fact
Relations of Ideas
Geometry, Alegbra, and Arithmetic
Empiricist disagree with rationalists that the ________- can guarantee _____ knowledge
faculty of reason, empirical
faculty of reason: ________
formal knowledge
Formal Knowledge
Mathematics, Algebra, Geometry, Logic
Two types of knowledge claims
Truth of reason and truth of fact:relations of truth and matters of fact
Two types of knowledge
formal and empirical
two theories of truth
coherence and correspondence
Leibniz’s terms for knowledge claims
truth of reason and truth of fact
Hume’s terms for knowledge claims
relations of truth and matters of fact
To avoid ambiguity, the knowledge claims are referred now as
empirical and analytic statements
Rationalist’s three central issues
reason; formal knowledge; coherence
Empiricist’s three central issues
reason and experience; empirical and analytic knowledge; coherence and correspondence
