P4 Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

A

He discovered electrons and proposed that atoms were positively charged spheres with electrons in them like a plum pudding

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2
Q

What did Rutherford discover?

A

He fired alpha particles at a thin gold foil with most passing straight through, some being slightly deflected and few deflected backwards. He then realised that most of the mass must be concentrated at the centre in a tiny, positively charged nucleus

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3
Q

What did Bohr do?

A

He proved that electrons orbited the nucleus at certain distances

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4
Q

What did Chadwick do?

A

He proved the existence of the neutron

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5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

A different form of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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6
Q

What is an alpha particle made of?

A

2 neutrons and 2 protons (helium nucleus)

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7
Q

How penetrating is an alpha particle?

A

Low

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8
Q

How ionising is an alpha particle?

A

High

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9
Q

What is a beta particle made of?

A

A high speed electron

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10
Q

How penetrating is a beta particle?

A

Medium

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11
Q

How ionising is a beta particle?

A

Medium

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12
Q

What is a gamma radiation made of?

A

A gamma ray

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13
Q

How penetrating is a gamma ray?

A

High

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14
Q

How ionising is a gamma ray?

A

Low

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15
Q

What is half-life?

A

The time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to halve

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16
Q

What is radioactive activity measured in?

A

Becquerels (Bq)

17
Q

What is background radiation?

A

Radiation that is around us all the time

18
Q

What are some sources of background radiation?

A

Natural: rocks, cosmic rays, food
Human activity: Radioactive waste, fallout

19
Q

What is irradiation?

A

Exposure to a radioactive source

20
Q

What is contamination?

A

A radioactive source or atoms get onto an object