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Question 1

energy mix of a country

Answer 1

the proportion of each primary energy resource it uses per year. These resources may be domestic or imported. ​

Question 2

What resources is an energy mix made up of?

Answer 2

Non-renewable ​

(finite):​

​

Renewable:​

​

Recyclable:​

Question 3

Non-renewable ​

(finite):

Answer 3

E.g. coal, oil and gas. Exploitation and use of these stocks will lead to their exhaustion.

Question 4

Renewable:

Answer 4

E.g. solar, wind and wave power.​

These are continuous flows of nature and can be constantly re-used.

Question 5

Recyclable:

Answer 5

E.g. reprocessed uranium and plutonium from nuclear power plants and heat recovery systems

Question 6

several things which can determine the energy mix of a country…….​ 7

Answer 6

Availability of primary energy resources within the country as well as their access to technology to extract the resources.​

The accessibility of primary energy resources from outside the country.​

The energy needs of the country, based on economic development, lifestyle and climate.​

Changing energy consumption patterns, linked to population and economic growth.​

National and regional policies that affect energy production and consumption e.g. climate change.​

Cultural and historical legacies and geopolitical links.​

Financial costs of each energy option.​

Question 7

The energy needs of the country, based on economic development, lifestyle and climate.​

Answer 7

US – consumerist lifestyle meaning higher demand. Plus hot/cold climate meaning air conditioning and heating required​

Question 8

The accessibility of primary energy resources from outside the country.​

Answer 8

Europe – Russia exports 80% of it’s natural gas to Europe.​

Question 9

Availability of primary energy resources within the country as well as their access to technology to extract the resources.​

Answer 9

iceland – Domestic geothermal energy

Question 10

National and regional policies that affect energy production and consumption e.g. climate change.

Answer 10

UK – National policies to reduce emissions and invest in renewables​

Question 11

Financial costs of each energy option.

Answer 11

Countries with little capital e.g. India, consume the cheapest resources, which is currently fossil fuels​

Question 12

Changing energy consumption patterns, linked to population and economic growth.

Answer 12

India – population of 1.2 billion meaning high demand

Question 13

Cultural and historical legacies and geopolitical links.​

Answer 13

India – struck a deal with Canada for it to provide India with 3.2 million kilos of uranium.

Question 14

there are two types of energy:​

Answer 14

Primary​

Secondary energy

Question 15

Primary

Answer 15

natural energy resources that have not been converted into another form of energy e.g. coal, oil, gas. (Consumed in their raw form)​

Question 16

Secondary energy

Answer 16

refers to what the primary source has been converted into, usually electricity. ​

Question 17

UK’s Energy Mix​ in 2019

Answer 17

Coal and oil​ - Less than 1% combined​

Natural Gas​ - 38%

Wind​ - 20%

Biomass​ - 12%

Solar​ - 6%

Nuclear​ - ​​​19%

Question 18

Domestic vs Overseas Sources

Answer 18

Despite economic and population growth in the UK, the adoption of energy-saving technologies (e.g. home heating and vehicle engines) resulted in the UK consuming less energy in 2015 than in 1998 with more of that energy coming from renewables. ​

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However, the UK now imports more energy than it produces domestically (i.e. from it’s own reserves) due to a decline in the North Sea oil and gas reserves. ​

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This means that the UK has an energy deficit and is energy insecure.​

Question 19

Energy Security:

Answer 19

being able to access reliable and affordable energy sources – either domestic or from ‘friendly’, overseas countries​

Question 20

Ukraine Conflict​

Answer 20

Europe is dependent on Russian gas for about 40% of its supply. Countries such as Germany are particularly vulnerable (50% - shut down other resources).​

Other eastern European countries rely solely on Russian gas – Moldova and North Macedonia for example. Finland and Latvia rely on it for over 90% of their energy.​

The UK takes 50% of it’s gas supply from domestic resources and the other half mostly from Norway.​

There are no gas pipelines directly linking the UK with Russia and imports from Russia made up less than 4% of total UK gas supply in 2021.​

It’s the aim of Europe to wean itself off Russian gas to make it less of a weapon during conflict.​

Russia’s economy relies heavily on fossil fuel exports, so it needs to consider the consequences of this, if it decides to threaten the removal of the supply to Europe.​

Question 21

Domestic Energy​

Answer 21

Energy extracted and used within the same country​

Question 22

Recyclable energy

Answer 22

A resource that is reused or reprocessed