P3 Section B (Virtual Relationships And Parasocial Relationships) Flashcards
What did Jourard say about virtual relationships
Jourard said about virtual relationships that people are more likely to present different versions of themselves online and feel more secure revealing information online since there is increased control over disclosure
What is Sproull and Keisler’s reduced cues theory
Sprouce and Keisler’s reduced cues theory is the idea that computer-mediated relationships are less effective than face-to-face because they lack cues like physical appearance which can lead to deindividuation where person’s identity is reduced which encourages disinhibition
What is Walther’s hyper personal model
Walther’s hyper personal model is the idea that online relationships can be more personal and involve more disclosure since relationships develop quicker as self-disclosure occurs sooner
What is Alvin and Cooper’s boom to bust phenomenon
Alvin and Cooper’s boom to bust phenomenon os the idea that online relationships develop rapidly but can end quickly due to intensity of relationship
What is Walther’s selective self-representation
Walther’s selective self-representation is where people manipulate their online image to be seen more positively
What is Bargh’s strangers on a train effect in online relationships
Bargh’s strangers on a train effect in online relationships is where person reveals more about themself to a complete stranger than with a closest partner
What is a gate in relationships
A gate in relationships is an obstacle to the formation of a relationship most common in face-to-face relations like unattractiveness and shyness
What is Bargh and McKenna’s absence of gating theory
Bargh and McKenna’s absence of gating theory is the idea that computer-mediated relationships take advantage of the absence of gates allowing a relationship to take off which is less likely to occur in face-to-face relationships
How does Rosenfield and Thomas support virtual relationships
Rosenfield and Thomas support virtual relationships by finding in a study of 4000 USA adults, individuals with internet access were more likely to be partnered showing the internet is replacing traditional ways of meeting
How does Putnam criticise virtual relationships
Putnam criticise virtual relationships by saying they’re temporary and of a lower quality
How does Rosenfield and Thomas criticise Putnam’s criticism of virtual relationships
Rosenfield and Thomas criticises Putnam’s criticism of virtual relationships by saying there is no difference in the quality or fragility between online and offline relationships
How does Tamir and Mitchell support virtual relationships
Tamir and Mitchell support virtual relationships by finding there is increased MRI activity in regions of brain associated with reward when people talk about themselves on social media
How does Baker and Oswald support virtual relationships
Baker and Oswald support virtual relationships by saying they’re helpful for shy people to overcome barriers in a survey of 207 males and females
How does Zhao criticise virtual relationships
Zhao criticises virtual relationships by saying that we shouldn’t think of offline and online relationships as completely separate - they link in someways such as digital selves enhancing overall self-image which can help in real-life
How does Walther and Tidwell criticise reduce cues theory (exist)
Walther and Tidwell criticise reduce cues theory by saying that cues still exist online such as emojis and acrostics which substitute facial expression and tone of voice
What are Weiss’ 3 properties of attachment associated with parasocial relationships
Weiss’ 3 properties of attachment associated with parasocial are proximity seeking, secure base and protest at disruption
How is proximity seeking associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss
proximity seeking is associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss as people aim to reduce distance between themself and attachment figure like by rearranging schedules to see them on TV
How is secure base associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss
secure base is associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss as presence of attachment figure provides a sense of security to an individual as the figure cannot be rejected by the celebrity
How is protest at disruption associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss
protest at disruption is associated with parasocial relationships according to Weiss as prolonged distress following separation of individual and celebrity figure is a sign of attachment
What attachment style does Cole and Leets associate with parasocial relationships
Cole and Leets associate insecure-resistant attachment with parasocial relationships as these people turn to celebrities to satisfy unrealistic and unmet relational needs
Why does Cole and Leets say avoidant attachment styles are less likely to enter parasocial relationships
Cole and Leets say avoidant attachment styles are less likely to enter parasocial relationships as they find it difficult to form relationships, so don’t form them
Who proposed the absorption-addiction model of PSRs
McCutcheon proposed the absorption-addiction model of PSRs
What is McCutcheon’s absorption-addiction model of PSRs
McCutcheon’s absorption-addiction model of PSRs is a model saying that people form celebrity relationships to compensate for deficiencies in life like difficulty forming intimate relationships or a lack of identity
What are Giles and Maltby’s levels of absorption-addiction model
Giles and Maltby’s levels of absorption-addiction model are entertainment social, intense personal and then borderline pathological all created using the Celebrity Attitude Scale
What is Giles and Maltby’s entertainment social stage of absorption-addiction
Giles and Maltby’s entertainment social stage of absorption-addiction is where person keeps up to date with a celebrity’s news and feels learning about their life is fun
What is Giles and Maltby’s intense personal stage of absorption-addiction
Giles and Maltby’s intense personal stage of absorption-addiction is where a person has deeper level of involvement and has intensive and compulsive feelings such as “I would love to talk to this person”
Giles and Maltby’s borderline-pathological stage of absorption-addiction
Giles and Maltby’s borderline-pathological stage of absorption-addiction is where a person has empathy for a celebrity and they overidentify with the celebrity and have fantasies about them such as “if I walked through their door, they’d be happy to see me”
How does Lange support the absorption-addiction model
Lange supports the absorption-addiction model by saying that for some adults (particularly those who are introverted) a set of difficult circumstances and a lack of meaningful relationships allow them to be absorbed by the lives of parasocial friends
How did Maltby find real-life application of absorption addiction model
Maltby found real-life application of absorption addiction model in females who has intense personal relationships with women who had a desirable body shape.
How does McCutcheon criticise attachment theory of PSRs
McCutcheon criticises attachment theory of PSRs by finding in a study of 229 ppts, those with insecure attachments are no more likely to forms PSRs than those with secure attachments - this questions the validity of the main predictor of PSRs
