P3: RAYNAUD'S DISEASE Flashcards
The lining of all blood vessels consists of HOW MAY LAYERS of endothelial cells
single layer
3 LAYERS OF Arteries and veins
- TUNICA EXTERNA
- TUNICA MEDIA
- TUNICA INTIMA
VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Elastic fibers have a central core of coiled elastin and an outer covering of microfibrils composed of ________.
glycoproteins
Extensive networks of cross-linked elastic fibers give all vessels except ______ AND ______ the ability to stretch like a rubber hose when blood pressure is raised.
capillaries and venules
A thin outer layer of connective tissue that maintains vascular integrity and shape.
tunica adventitia
It’s a functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in the fingers and, less often, the toes
RAYNAUD’S DISEASE/ARTERIOSPASTIC DISEASE
Nursing management for RAYNAUD’S DISEASE/ARTERIOSPASTIC DISEASE
CONSERVATIVE
* Lifestyle change
* Warm water immersion
PHARMACOLOGIC
* Calcium Channel Blocker
SURGERY
* Sympathectomy
- Calcium channel blocker - ???
- a1-andrenoreceptor antagonists - ???
- ACE-inhibitors - ???
- Nitric Oxide - ???
- Prostaglandin Analogs - ???
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - ???
- Amlodipine
- Prasozin
- Captopril
- Nitric Oxide
- Iloprost
- Sildenafil
A condition primarily characterized by the occurrence of digital vasospasm that is episodic, inappropriate and excessive
It interrupts sympathetic nervous stem input to affected vessels, reducing vasoconstriction and spasm
Interventional Therapy: Sympathectomy
Periodic vasospastic disease of small, cutaneous arteries involving the fingerhands, and less commonly in feet (even in ears & nose) marked by brief episodes of vasospasm (narrowing of the blood vessels).
RAYNAUD’S DISEASE/ARTERIOSPASTIC DISEASE
What kind of Raynaud’s is when the condition occurs along with a likely cause
Raynaud’s Phenomenon or secondary type
The cause is unknown, but linked with immunologic abnormalities
- Primary Raynaud’s – rarely leads to tissue necrosis
- Secondary Raynaud’s – associated with collagen vascular disease
Triphasic color changes in the hands:
with intense redness, throbbing and paresthesia
hyperemia
Triphasic color changes in the hands:
pallor to cyanosis (noticed in tips of fingers, later moving into 1 or more of the distal phalanges)
What kind of Raynaud’s is when this disorder occurs without any known cause
Raynaud’s disease, or Primary Raynaud’s
The cause is unknown, but linked with immunologic abnormalities
It is more common and tends to be less severe than secondary Raynaud’s.
