P3 - Forces For Transport

Question 1

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does the gradient represent on a distance-time graph?

Answer 1

Speed

Question 2

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does the flat section show on a distance-time graph?

Answer 2

Where it has stopped

Question 3

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do the steeper sections of a distance-time graph represent?

Answer 3

Steeper gradient, faster it’s going.

Question 4

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do downhill sections of distance-time graphs show?

Answer 4

(negative gradient) means changed direction and coming back towards starting point.

Question 5

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do curves in distance-time graphs represent?

Answer 5

Acceleration or deceleration - steepening curve means speeding up. Levelling off curve means slowing down.

Question 6

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is acceleration?

Answer 6

How quickly speed is changing - can change direction and it would be accelerating (with or without changing speed).

Question 7

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does the gradient represent on a speed-time graph?

Answer 7

Acceleration

Question 8

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do the flat sections of a speed-time graph represent?

Answer 8

Steady speed.

Question 9

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does a steep gradient mean on a speed-time graph?

Answer 9

Steeper gradient, greater acceleration/deceleration.

Question 10

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do uphill (/) sections of a speed-time graph represent?

Answer 10

Acceleration

Question 11

P3 - Forces For Transport

What do the downhill sections of a distance-time graph represent?

Answer 11

Deceleration

Question 12

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is the area under any section of a speed-time graph?

Answer 12

Distance travelled in that time interval.

Question 13

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does a curve mean in a speed-time graph?

Answer 13

Non-uniform/changing acceleration or deceleration.

Question 14

P3 - Forces For Transport

What are the 6 different forces (we need to know for GCSE)?

Answer 14

Gravity/weight, reaction force (from a surface, acts upwards), Thrust/push/pull, drag/air resistance or friction, lift and tension.

Question 15

P3 - Forces For Transport

What causes acceleration?

Answer 15

Overalll resultant unbalanced force. Bigger unbalanced force, greater acceleration.

Question 16

P3 - Forces For Transport

What are the 3 main ways friction occurs?

Answer 16

Between solid surfaces which are gripping. Between solid surfaces that are sliding past each other. Resistance or drag from fluids (liquids or gases).

Question 17

P3 - Forces For Transport

What happens to friction in fluids?

Answer 17

Friction/Drag always increases with speed.

Question 18

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is terminal speed?

Answer 18

When object sets off, have much more force accelerating than resistance. As speed increases, resistance increases. Acceleration gradually decreases until resistance is equal to accelerating force - balanced.

Question 19

P3 - Forces For Transport

What happens if the forces are unbalanced?

Answer 19

Object will accelerate in direction of force. Size of acceleration is decided by: F=ma (Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion)

Question 20

P3 - Forces For Transport

What factors affect thinking distance?

Answer 20

How fast you’re going, and how tired you are or if you have consumed drugs, alcohol and have distractions or a lack of concentration.

Question 21

P3 - Forces For Transport

What factors affect braking distance?

Answer 21

How fast you’re going, how heavy vehicle is, how good brakes are, and how good grip is.

Question 22

P3 - Forces For Transport

What affects grip (tyres)?

Answer 22

Road surface, weather - wet or icy makes it more slippery, tyres themselves (minimum tread depth is 1.6mm).

Question 23

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is aquaplacing?

Answer 23

Skidding very easily or riding on a layer of water because of bald tyres.

Question 24

P3 - Forces For Transport

What happens to braking distance as speed doubles?

Answer 24

Relationship is squared so double speed would mean braking distance increases 4 fold (2²)

Question 25

P3 - Forces For Transport

How crumple zones reduces forces in a crash?

Answer 25

They crumple and change shape on impact, increasing time taken for the car to stop.

Question 26

P3 - Forces For Transport

What happens if the forces on an object are balanced?

Answer 26

It will keep moving at same speed in same direction.

Question 27

P3 - Forces For Transport

How do seat belts reduces forces in a crash?

Answer 27

Belt stretches slightly, increasing time taken for wearer to stop. Reduces forces acting on chest. Need replacing after crash.

Question 28

P3 - Forces For Transport

How do air bags help in a crash?

Answer 28

They slow you down more gradually.

Question 29

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does the ABS do?

Answer 29

Helps drivers keep control of steering when braking hard. Ordinary brakes lock wheels which causes skidding but ABS automatically pump on and off to stop wheels locking. Also give car shorter braking distance which could prevent collision.

Question 30

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 30

Energy that something has because of its height above ground. Energy used to raise it is ‘stored’, and can be changed to kinetic energy if it falls.

Question 31

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 31

Energy it has when moving. Depends on both mass and speed. Greater mass, faster it’s going (bigger KE).

Question 32

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is power?

Answer 32

Measure of how quickly work is being done. Not necessarily force exerted but time taken (shorter = more powerful)

Question 33

P3 - Forces For Transport

What is fuel consumption?

Answer 33

Usually stated as distance travelled using a certain amount of fuel. Often given as miles per gallon (mpg) or litres per 100km.

Question 34

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does a low mpg value mean?

Answer 34

High fuel consumption - won’t travel far on a gallon of fuel.

Question 35

P3 - Forces For Transport

What does fuel consumption depend on?

Answer 35

E.g. size of engine, how car is driven, mass of car, speed it’s driven, road conditions.

Question 36

P3 - Forces For Transport

Why do some cars use biofuels?

Answer 36

Made from plants and organic waste - renewable. Give out CO₂ but it is also taken in by growing plants - no overall increase. Doesn’t produce as much other pollution but producing car still produces pollution.

Question 37

P3 - Forces For Transport

What are the drawbacks of solar powered/hybrid cars?

Answer 37

Expensive to make and buy, pollution created in production, limited performance at minute.

Question 38

P3 - Forces For Transport

Speed

Answer 38

What does the gradient represent on a distance-time graph?

Question 39

P3 - Forces For Transport

Where it has stopped

Answer 39

What does the flat section show on a distance-time graph?

Question 40

P3 - Forces For Transport

Steeper gradient, faster it’s going.

Answer 40

What do the steeper sections of a distance-time graph represent?

Question 41

P3 - Forces For Transport

(negative gradient) means changed direction and coming back towards starting point.

Answer 41

What do downhill sections of distance-time graphs show?

Question 42

P3 - Forces For Transport

Acceleration or deceleration - steepening curve means speeding up. Levelling off curve means slowing down.

Answer 42

What do curves in distance-time graphs represent?

Question 43

P3 - Forces For Transport

How quickly speed is changing - can change direction and it would be accelerating (with or without changing speed).

Answer 43

What is acceleration?

Question 44

P3 - Forces For Transport

Acceleration

Answer 44

What does the gradient represent on a speed-time graph?

Question 45

P3 - Forces For Transport

Steady speed.

Answer 45

What do the flat sections of a speed-time graph represent?

Question 46

P3 - Forces For Transport

Steeper gradient, greater acceleration/deceleration.

Answer 46

What does a steep gradient mean on a speed-time graph?

Question 47

P3 - Forces For Transport

Acceleration

Answer 47

What do uphill (/) sections of a speed-time graph represent?

Question 48

P3 - Forces For Transport

Deceleration

Answer 48

What do the downhill sections of a distance-time graph represent?

Question 49

P3 - Forces For Transport

Distance travelled in that time interval.

Answer 49

What is the area under any section of a speed-time graph?

Question 50

P3 - Forces For Transport

Non-uniform/changing acceleration or deceleration.

Answer 50

What does a curve mean in a speed-time graph?

Question 51

P3 - Forces For Transport

Gravity/weight, reaction force (from a surface, acts upwards), Thrust/push/pull, drag/air resistance or friction, lift and tension.

Answer 51

What are the 6 different forces (we need to know for GCSE)?

Question 52

P3 - Forces For Transport

Overalll resultant unbalanced force. Bigger unbalanced force, greater acceleration.

Answer 52

What causes acceleration?

Question 53

P3 - Forces For Transport

Between solid surfaces which are gripping. Between solid surfaces that are sliding past each other. Resistance or drag from fluids (liquids or gases).

Answer 53

What are the 3 main ways friction occurs?

Question 54

P3 - Forces For Transport

Friction/Drag always increases with speed.

Answer 54

What happens to friction in fluids?

Question 55

P3 - Forces For Transport

When object sets off, have much more force accelerating than resistance. As speed increases, resistance increases. Acceleration gradually decreases until resistance is equal to accelerating force - balanced.

Answer 55

What is terminal speed?

Question 56

P3 - Forces For Transport

Object will accelerate in direction of force. Size of acceleration is decided by: F=ma (Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion)

Answer 56

What happens if the forces are unbalanced?

Question 57

P3 - Forces For Transport

How fast you’re going, and how tired you are or if you have consumed drugs, alcohol and have distractions or a lack of concentration.

Answer 57

What factors affect thinking distance?

Question 58

P3 - Forces For Transport

How fast you’re going, how heavy vehicle is, how good brakes are, and how good grip is.

Answer 58

What factors affect braking distance?

Question 59

P3 - Forces For Transport

Road surface, weather - wet or icy makes it more slippery, tyres themselves (minimum tread depth is 1.6mm).

Answer 59

What affects grip (tyres)?

Question 60

P3 - Forces For Transport

Skidding very easily or riding on a layer of water because of bald tyres.

Answer 60

What is aquaplacing?

Question 61

P3 - Forces For Transport

Relationship is squared so double speed would mean braking distance increases 4 fold (2²)

Answer 61

What happens to braking distance as speed doubles?

Question 62

P3 - Forces For Transport

They crumple and change shape on impact, increasing time taken for the car to stop.

Answer 62

How crumple zones reduces forces in a crash?

Question 63

P3 - Forces For Transport

It will keep moving at same speed in same direction.

Answer 63

What happens if the forces on an object are balanced?

Question 64

P3 - Forces For Transport

Belt stretches slightly, increasing time taken for wearer to stop. Reduces forces acting on chest. Need replacing after crash.

Answer 64

How do seat belts reduces forces in a crash?

Question 65

P3 - Forces For Transport

They slow you down more gradually.

Answer 65

How do air bags help in a crash?

Question 66

P3 - Forces For Transport

Helps drivers keep control of steering when braking hard. Ordinary brakes lock wheels which causes skidding but ABS automatically pump on and off to stop wheels locking. Also give car shorter braking distance which could prevent collision.

Answer 66

What does the ABS do?

Question 67

P3 - Forces For Transport

Energy that something has because of its height above ground. Energy used to raise it is ‘stored’, and can be changed to kinetic energy if it falls.

Answer 67

What is gravitational potential energy?

Question 68

P3 - Forces For Transport

Energy it has when moving. Depends on both mass and speed. Greater mass, faster it’s going (bigger KE).

Answer 68

What is kinetic energy?

Question 69

P3 - Forces For Transport

Measure of how quickly work is being done. Not necessarily force exerted but time taken (shorter = more powerful)

Answer 69

What is power?

Question 70

P3 - Forces For Transport

Usually stated as distance travelled using a certain amount of fuel. Often given as miles per gallon (mpg) or litres per 100km.

Answer 70

What is fuel consumption?

Question 71

P3 - Forces For Transport

High fuel consumption - won’t travel far on a gallon of fuel.

Answer 71

What does a low mpg value mean?

Question 72

P3 - Forces For Transport

E.g. size of engine, how car is driven, mass of car, speed it’s driven, road conditions.

Answer 72

What does fuel consumption depend on?

Question 73

P3 - Forces For Transport

Made from plants and organic waste - renewable. Give out CO₂ but it is also taken in by growing plants - no overall increase. Doesn’t produce as much other pollution but producing car still produces pollution.

Answer 73

Why do some cars use biofuels?

Question 74

P3 - Forces For Transport

Expensive to make and buy, pollution created in production, limited performance at minute.

Answer 74

What are the drawbacks of solar powered/hybrid cars?