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Physics GCSE OCR Gateway B > P1 - Energy For The Home > Flashcards

P1 - Energy For The Home Flashcards

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1
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is amplitude?

A

Displacement from rest position to crest of wave.

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2
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the wavelength?

A

Length of full cycle of wave (from crest to crest)

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3
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

Number of complete cycles/oscillations passing a certain point per second.

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4
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What are the standard units (SI) in a wave equation?

A

Meters, seconds, m/s and hertz (Hz)

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5
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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6
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is heat a measure of?

A

Energy

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7
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is temperature a measure of?

A

Hotness - measures average kinetic energy of particles.

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8
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is specific latent heat?

A

Amount of energy needed to boil/melt 1kg of material without changing its temperature.

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9
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is conduction?

A

Conduction of heat is process where vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

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10
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1kg of substance by 1°C

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11
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is convection?

A

Convection occurs when more energetic particles move from hotter region to cooler region - and take their energy with them.

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12
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What can conduction occur in?

A

Mainly solids - liquids and gases conduct heat more slowly.

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13
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What can convection occur in?

A

Liquids and gases

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14
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How is heat radiation different to convection and conduction?

A

It doesn’t need a medium, so can occur in a vacuum.

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15
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does infrared radiation cook food?

A

(Grills and toasters) heat is absorbed by surface and then energy is conducted or convected to more central parts.

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16
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do microwaves cook food?

A

Penetrate 1cm into outer layer. Absorbed by water/fat molecules increasing their kinetic energy - conducted or convected to other parts of food.

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17
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do you calculate payback time?

A

payback time = initial cost ÷ annual saving

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18
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What colours on a thermograph show hot areas?

A

White, yellow and red

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19
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What colours on a thermograph show cold areas?

A

Black, dark blue and purple

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20
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does loft insulation save energy?

A

Fibreglass wool across loft floor reduces conduction through ceiling into roof space.

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21
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does a hot water tank jacket save energy?

A

Reduces conduction

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22
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does double glazing save energy?

A

2 layers of glass with air gap between reduces conduction

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23
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do thick curtains save energy?

A

Reduces conduction and radiation through windows

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24
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does draught-proofing save energy?

A

Strips of foam and plastic around doors and windows stop hot air going out - reducing convection

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25
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do cavity walls and insulation save energy?

A

2 layers of bricks with a gap between them reduces conduction. Some energy still lost by convection. Insulating foam in gaps traps pockets of air - minimises convection.

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26
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What causes total internal reflection?

A

If angle of incidence is bigger than critical angle - each material has a different critical angle.

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27
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What determines the amount of diffraction?

A

Size of gap relative to wavelength. Narrower gap, or longer wavelength, more wave spreads out.

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28
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What happens if a gap is the same size as a wavelength?

A

Get a diffraction pattern of light and dark fringes

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29
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What are the EM waves in order from largest wavelength to smallest?

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infra Red, Visible light, Ultra Violet, X-rays, Gamma Rays.

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30
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is ionisation?

A

Where an atom or molecule either loses or gains electrons - can be dangerous.

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31
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is special about the waves in a laser?

A

All waves are same wavelength and frequency (makes the light monochromatic). All waves in phase, increasing amplitude - coherent. Have low divergence; beam is narrow and stays narrow at long distances.

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32
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Why are long wavelengths good at transferring information over long distances?

A

They don’t get absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere as much as waves in middle of spectrum or those with high frequency.

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33
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How far away can long wave radio waves be received?

A

(wavelength = 1-10km) can be transmitted from one place and received halfway around the world - diffract around Earth’s curved surface.

34
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

How far away can short wave radio waves be received?

A

(wavelength about 10m - 100m) can be received at long distances from transmitter - reflection in ionosphere

35
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is diffraction?

A

Waves spread out at edges when passing through a gap/past an object.

36
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is refraction?

A

Wave changes speed due to a change in density. If wave hits a substance at an angle, it changes direction.

37
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Displacement from rest position to crest of wave.

A

What is amplitude?

38
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Length of full cycle of wave (from crest to crest)

A

What is the wavelength?

39
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Number of complete cycles/oscillations passing a certain point per second.

A

What is the frequency of a wave?

40
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Meters, seconds, m/s and hertz (Hz)

A

What are the standard units (SI) in a wave equation?

41
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

A

What is the law of reflection?

42
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Energy

A

What is heat a measure of?

43
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Hotness - measures average kinetic energy of particles.

A

What is temperature a measure of?

44
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Amount of energy needed to boil/melt 1kg of material without changing its temperature.

A

What is specific latent heat?

45
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Conduction of heat is process where vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

A

What is conduction?

46
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1kg of substance by 1°C

A

What is specific heat capacity?

47
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Convection occurs when more energetic particles move from hotter region to cooler region - and take their energy with them.

A

What is convection?

48
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Mainly solids - liquids and gases conduct heat more slowly.

A

What can conduction occur in?

49
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Liquids and gases

A

What can convection occur in?

50
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

It doesn’t need a medium, so can occur in a vacuum. Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water. Amount of radiation emitted/absored depends on surface colour and texture.

A

How is heat radiation different to convection and conduction?

51
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Like in grills and toasters heat is absorbed by surface and then energy is conducted or convected to more central parts.

A

How does infrared radiation cook food?

52
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

They penetrate 1cm into outer layer and absorbed by water/fat molecules increasing their kinetic energy - this is then conducted or convected to other parts of food.

A

How do microwaves cook food?

53
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

payback time = initial cost ÷ annual saving

A

How do you calculate payback time?

54
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

White, yellow and red

A

What colours on a thermograph show hot areas?

55
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Black, dark blue and purple

A

What colours on a thermograph show cold areas?

56
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Fibreglass wool laid across loft floor reduces conduction through ceiling into roof space.

A

How does loft insulation save energy?

57
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Reduce conduction

A

How does a hot water tank jacket save energy?

58
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

2 layers of glass with air gap between reduces conduction

A

How does double glazing save energy?

59
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Reduces conduction and radiation through windows

A

How do thick curtains save energy?

60
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Strips of foam and plastic around doors and windows stop hot air going out - reducing convection

A

How does draught-proofing save energy?

61
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

2 layers of bricks with a gap between them reduces conduction but some energy still lost by convection. Insulating foam in gaps traps pockets of air to minimise convection.

A

How do cavity walls and insulation save energy?

62
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

If angle of incidence is bigger than critical angle - each material has a different critical angle.

A

What causes total internal reflection?

63
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Size of gap relative to wavelength. Narrower gap, or longer wavelength, more wave spreads out.

A

What determines the amount of diffraction?

64
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

You can get a diffraction pattern or light and dark fringes

A

What happens if a gap is the same size as a wavelength?

65
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Radio waves, Micro waves, Infra Red, Visible light, Ultra Violet, X rays, Gamma Rays.

A

What are the electromagnetic waves in order from largest wavelength to smallest?

66
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Where an atom or molecule either loses or gains electrons - can be dangerous.

A

What is ionisation?

67
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

All waves are the same wavelength and frequency (makes the light monochromatic). All waves are in phase, increasing the amplitude - said to be coherent. Lasers have low divergence; beam is narrow and stays this way even at long distances.

A

What is special about the waves in a laser?

68
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

They don’t get absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere as much as waves in the middle of the spectrum or those with high frequency.

A

Why are long wavelengths good at transferring information over long distances?

69
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

(wavelength of 1-10km) can be transmitted from one place and received halfway around the world because they diffract around the Earth’s curved surface.

A

How far away can long wave radio waves be received?

70
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

(wavelength about 10m - 100m) can be received at long distances from the transmitter because of reflection in the ionosphere

A

How far away can short wave radio waves be received?

71
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

When waves spread out at the edges when they pass through a gap or past an object.

A

What is diffraction?

72
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

When a wave changes speed due to a change in density. If the wave hits a substance at an angle, it changes direction.

A

What is refraction?

73
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz). 1Hz = 1 wave per second.

74
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Hertz (Hz). 1Hz = 1 wave per second.

A

What is frequency measured in?

75
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What scale is heat measured on?

A

Absolute scale (can’t go lower than 0 because there is a limit to how slow particles can move)

76
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Absolute scale (can’t go lower than 0 because there is a limit to how slow particles can move)

A

What scale is heat measured on?

77
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What can radiation occur through?

A

Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water.

78
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

What determines the amount of radiation emitted?

A

Depends on surface colour and texture.

79
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water.

A

What can radiation occur through?

80
Q

P1 - Energy For The Home

Depends on surface colour and texture.

A

What determines the amount of radiation emitted?

Physics GCSE OCR Gateway B (7 decks)

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