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GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 1 > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the particle theory also known as?

A

Kinetic theory

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2
Q

What happens when atoms emit electromagnetic radiation?

A

electrons drop to a lower energy level (closer to the nucleus)

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3
Q

What happens when atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation?

A

electrons move to a higher energy level (further away from the nucleus)

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4
Q

Describe a solid

A
  • strong forces of attraction between particles
  • the particles are held tightly against one & other in a fixed position creating a fixed structure
  • definite shape and volume
  • particles are able to vibrate in their fixed positions
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5
Q

What happens when a solid is heated?

A

melting

  • particles gain more energy and vibrate more which weakens the bonds between them
  • once the solid reaches the melting point its bonds would be broken so it can flow
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6
Q

Describe a liquid

A
  • weak forces of attraction between particles
  • free to move but the particles tend to stick together
  • have a definite volume but their shape can change, allows them to flow and fill a container
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7
Q

What happens when a liquid is heated?

A

Evaporation

  • particles gain kinetic energy so they move around faster
  • boiling point- liquid becomes a gas
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8
Q

Describe a gas

A
  • very weak forces of attraction
  • free to move around
  • do not have a definite shape or volume and always fill a container
  • constantly moving with random motion (any direction)
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9
Q

What happens when gas is heated?

A
  • it could expand (in an expandable container)
  • the pressure will increase (in a fixed container)
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10
Q

What is it called when a gas is cooled down?

A

condensation

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11
Q

What is it called when a liquid is cooled down?

A

Freezing

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12
Q

What is it called when a substance goes from a solid to a gas?

A

sublimation

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13
Q

When working in a closed system what do changes in state do?

A
  • do not change the mass
  • changes the density of the substance:
    • solid = highest density
    • liquid = lower density
    • gas = lowest density
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14
Q

What kind of change is a change in state?

A

physical- the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

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15
Q

What does pressure produce in a gas?

A

a net force at right angles to the wall of the gas container

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16
Q

equation for a fixed mass of gas held at a constant temperature?

A

pV= constant

17
Q

What is pressure measured in?

A

Pascals

18
Q

What does doing work on a gas do?

A

increases the internal energy of the gas and can cause an increase in the temperature of the gas

19
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

mass/volume

mass- kg
volume- m3

20
Q

How do you calculate the density of a solid?

A
  • find the mass by placing it on a mass
  • for regular shapes, measure and multiply the length, width and height
  • mass/volume
21
Q

How do you calculate the density of an irregular object?

A
  • Fill the Eureka can (displacement) with water, directly in line with the spout
  • place a measuring cylinder beneath the spout
  • measure and record the mass of the solid using a balance
  • tie string around the object and immerse it into the can
  • the volume of displaced water= volume of the object
  • calculate density using mass/volume
22
Q

How do you calculate the density of a liquid?

A
  • place an empty measuring cylinder onto a balance and zero the balance
  • pour some of the liquid into measuring cylinder (e.g. 10ml) and record the mass
  • divide the mass by the volume
  • larger the volume → more accurate density (because it minimises the effects of uncertainty)
23
Q

How does heating change the energy stored within a system?

A
  • increases the energy of the particles that make up the system
  • either raises the temperature or produces a change of state
24
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature

25
Q

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

A

E= mL

energy- joules/J
m- kg
L- J/Kg

26
Q

What are the two types of specific latent heat?

A

specific latent heat of vaporisation = liquid to gas

specific latent heat of fusion =
solid to liquid

GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 1 (4 decks)

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