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GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 1 > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What must be included in a circuit for current to flow?

A

a source of potential difference

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2
Q

What is current?

A

the flow of electrical charge

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3
Q

equation linking charge flow, current & time?

A

charge flow(Q) = current(I) x time(t)

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4
Q

What is charge measured in?

A

coulombs

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5
Q

What happens when a component has a greater resistance?

A

It has a smaller current

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6
Q

equation that links potential difference, current and resistance?

A

potential difference(V) = current(I) x resistance(R)

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7
Q

What factors affect the resistance of an electrical circuit?

A
  • length of wire( at a constant temp)
  • combination of resistors in series and parallel
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8
Q

What does a resistor do?

A

oppose the flow of electric current through the circuit

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9
Q

What is ohms law?

A

the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through as long as all physical conditions remain constant

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10
Q

Describe the current, potential difference and resistance through an ohmic conductor

A
  • the current through an ohmic conductor (at a constant temp) is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor
  • the resistance remains constant as the current changes
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11
Q

Give examples of non-ohmic conductors?

A
  • filament lamp
  • diode
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12
Q

What happens to the the resistance of a filament lamp as the temperature increase?

A

the resistance increases

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13
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR as light intensity increases?

A

the resistance decreases

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14
Q

Give a use of an LDR

A

light sensing circuits e.g. street lamps

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15
Q

Describe the current in a diode

A

the current flows in one direction only and the resistance is very high in the reverse direction

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16
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as the temperature increases?

A

the resistance decreases

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17
Q

Give a use of a thermistor

A

a sensor circuit of a thermostat

18
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A circuit that has all its components connected in one single loop

19
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A circuit where components are connected on separate branches of wire to the energy source

20
Q

Describe the current, potential difference and resistance in series circuit

A
  • the same current flows through each component (I1=I2=I3 etc…)
  • the the total potential difference is shared between the components (Vtotal= V1+V2 etc…)
  • the total resistance is the sum of the resistance of each component (Rtotal= R1+R2 etc…)
21
Q

Describe the current, potential difference and resistance in a parallel circuit

A
  • the total current is the sum across separate components
  • the potential difference is the same across all components
  • the total resistance is smaller than the resistance of the smallest resistor
22
Q

What is an equivalent resistor?

A

In a series circuit, when two resistors are connected they can be replaced by one equivalent resistor which has a resistance equal to the sum of the ones being replaced

23
Q

What will happen to a bulb that is connected in series with a thermistor, as the temperature on the thermistor changes?

A
  • at high temperatures, the bulb grows brighter
  • at high temperatures, there is a higher potential difference across the bulb
24
Q

What is Mains electricity in the UK?

A

an alternating current supply with a frequency of 50Hz and voltage of 230V

25
Q

What is the difference between direct and alternating current?

A

Alternating current constantly changes direction and is used in mains electricity whilst direct current always flows in the same direction and is used in solar cells & batteries

26
Q

What does an oscilloscope screen show?

A

Voltage against time

27
Q

What are different colours in the three-core cable?

A

Neutral wire
-blue = completes the circuit and carries current way from the appliance
- close to earth potential difference= 0v

Earth wire
- yellow/green = a safety wire to stop the appliance becoming live and only carries a current if there is a fault
- has a 0v potential

Live wire
-brown = provides the alternating potential difference from the mains electricity supply
- carries a 230v potential difference

28
Q

What is a fuse?

A

a safety measure that involves a thin wire that melts if the current flowing through an appliance is too high.
This breaks the current and stops the flow of current

29
Q

What is a circuit breaker?

A

A special device that switches off the flow of current if the current is higher than a certain value. They do the same job as fuses but can be used multiple times

30
Q

What are the three available fuse ratings?

A

3A, 5A and 13A

31
Q

Why do metal cases need earthing?

A

If there is a fault in the appliance and one of them touches the case due to metals being conductors, anyone touching the case could receive an electric shock

32
Q

Why can the live wire and earth wire never be in contact?

A

This would remove the safety feature of the earth wire

33
Q

What happens if you touch the live wire?

A

Your body would supply a link between the supply and the ground and cause an electric shock

34
Q

What is the National Grid?

A

A system of cables and transformers that connects power stations to consumers

35
Q

Explain the function of a step-up transformer

A

A step-up transformer has more turns on the secondary coil so the voltage increases

36
Q

Explain the function of a step-down transformer

A

A step-down transformer has fewer turns on the secondary coil so the voltage decreases

37
Q

How can static electricity be produced?

A

through friction- by rubbing two electrical insulators against one another

  • one would lose electrons- become positive
  • the other would gain these electrons- become negative
38
Q

Can a static charge build up on a conductor?

A

yes- if the conductor is isolated

39
Q

What is a spark?

A

when an electrical charge builds up on an object the potential difference between the object and earth increases, if the potential difference is large enough the electrons can jump across the gap and produces a spark

40
Q

What do charged objects create around them?

A

Electrical fields

41
Q

Describe what may effect the strength of an electric field

A
  • the closer an object is to the charged object, the stronger the electric field
  • the higher the charge of the object, the stronger the electric field

GCSE PHYSICS PAPER 1 (4 decks)

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