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Additional Science > P2.2 > Flashcards

P2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What can a force do?

A

It can change the shape of an object or change its state of rest or its motion.

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2
Q

What happens when two objects push or pull on each other?

A

They exert equal and opposite forces on one another.

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3
Q

What happens to the forces to pull a tractor out of the mud?

A

The force of the ground on the tractor needs to be greater than the force of the mud on the car.

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4
Q

What is the motive force?

A

Driving force on a farthest makes it move.

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5
Q

What causes the motive force?

A

The friction between the ground and the tyres.

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6
Q

Where does friction occur?

A

Where the two objects are in contact.

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7
Q

What happens when the resultant force is zero?

A
  • remains stationary

- continues to move at a constant speed in the same direction

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8
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

A single force.

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9
Q

What happens when the resultant force is not zero?

A

The movement of the car depends on the size and direction of the resultant force.

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10
Q

What happens to the resultant force if an object is acted on by two unequal forces acting in opposite directions?

A
  • it’ll be equal to the difference between the two forces

- it’ll be in the direction of the larger force

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11
Q

What is the equation for resultant force?

A

=mass (kg) X acceleration (m/s2)

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12
Q

What are forces measured in?

A

Newtons.

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13
Q

What happens if a velocity increases?

A

The resultant force is in the same direction as the velocity.

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14
Q

What happens if the velocity decreases?

A

The resultant force is opposite in direction to its velocity .

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15
Q

What happens if the driver presses harder on the accelerator?

A

It varies the driving force of the engine.

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16
Q

What does the braking force needed to stop a vehicle in a certain distance depend on?

A
  • the speed of the vehicle when brakes are applied

- the mass of the vehicle

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17
Q

What is the stopping distance affected by?

A

Braking and thinking distance.

18
Q

What is the equation for the stopping distance?

A

= thinking distance + braking distance

19
Q

What is the thinking distance?

A

Distance travelled by the vehicle in the time it takes the driver to react.

20
Q

What is the braking distance?

A

Distance travelled by the vehicles once the brakes have been applied.

21
Q

What affects the stopping distance?

A
  • tiredness,alcohol,drugs
  • speed vehicle is travelling at
  • road conditions
  • poorly maintained vehicles
22
Q

What is the weight of an object?

A

Force of gravity on it.

23
Q

What is the mass of an object?

A

Quantity of matter in it.

24
Q

What is the equation for weight?

A

=mass (kg) X gravitational field strength (N/kg)

25
Q

What is the resultant force if an object falls with no other forces acting on it?

A

The resultant force on it is its weight.

26
Q

What happens if an object falls in a fluid?

A

The fluid drags on the object.

27
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

When an object reaches a constant speed and the drag force is equal and opposite to its weight.

28
Q

What is air resistance?

A

Drag force when an object is moving through air.

29
Q

What happens to an elastic object when the forces deforming it are removed?

A

It regains its original shape.

30
Q

What is the extension?

A

The increase of length from its original shape.

31
Q

What is the equation for the extension?

A

=extension - original length

32
Q

What happens when an elastic object is stretched?

A

The elastic potential energy is stored in the object.

33
Q

What happens when the stretching force is removed?

A

The elastic energy stored in the object is released.

34
Q

Why does an object stretch more than predicted?

A

It has been stretched beyond its limit of proportionality.

35
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

The extension is directly proportional to the force applied to it, provided its limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

36
Q

What is the equation to Hooke’s law?

A

force applied(N)=Spring constant(N/m) X extension(m)

37
Q

What is the spring constant equal to?

A

The force per unit extension needed to extend the spring.

38
Q

Why does reducing the speed reduce the fuel it uses?

A

Because air resistance at high speed is greater than at low speed so more fuel is used.

39
Q

How can drivers reduce their fuel usage? How?

A

By fitting a wind deflector over the cab.

Reduces the air resistance.

40
Q

Name 2 ways that have reduced speeding:

A
  • speed cameras

- anti-skid surfaces

Additional Science (18 decks)

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