B2.5

Question 1

Why are cells needed?

Answer 1

For an organism or part of an organism to grow.

Question 2

What is mitosis?

Answer 2

Cell division in normal body cells that produces two identical cells.

Question 3

What does mitosis work?

Answer 3

Produces new copies of the chromosomes in the mucked before a cell divides. Then the cell divides once to form two genetically identical cells.

Question 4

What is meiosis?

Answer 4

Sex cells with only half the original number of chromosomes.

Question 5

How are gametes formed?

Answer 5

By meiosis.

Question 6

What are the names of the male and female gametes in animals? How do they differ from normal body cells?

Answer 6

Sex cells.
They continue random mixtures of the original chromosomes pairs.
Introduces variety.

Question 7

What type of cell divisionism needed to produce gametes?

Answer 7

Meiosis.

Question 8

What are stem cells?

Answer 8

Inner cells of a hollow ball of cells.

Question 9

What was the big scientific breakthrough by American scientists in 1988?

Answer 9

Two American scientists managed to culture human embryonic stem cells. These were capable of forming other types of cells.

Question 10

What is the biggest ethical concern with the use of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 10

Using it is a violation of its human rights.

Embryonic stem cells might cause cancer if they’re used to treat sick people.

Question 11

Why did Gregor Mendel become a monk?

Answer 11

To get an education.

Question 12

What was unusual about Mendel’s scientific technique at the time?

Answer 12

Explained some of the basic laws of genetics using mathematical models in ways that we still use today.
Model was ahead of time.

Question 13

Twins are born. Twin A is XY and twin B is XX. What sex are the two babies?

Answer 13

Female and male.

Question 14

What is homozygous?

Answer 14

Individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic.

Question 15

What is heterozygous?

Answer 15

Individual with different alleles for a characteristic.

Question 16

What is genotype?

Answer 16

Describes the genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic.

Question 17

What is phenotype?

Answer 17

Describes the physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristics.

Question 18

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 18

Lower case letter eg d.

Question 19

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 19

Upper case eg D.

Question 20

How is an inherited disorder different from an infectious disease?

Answer 20

Inherited has been passed on from genes but infectious is from things such as direct contact and droplet infections.

Question 21

What is polydactyl?

Answer 21

Babies being born with extra fingers or toes.

Question 22

What is he most common form of polydactyl?

Answer 22

Caused by a dominant allele.

Question 23

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 23

Genetic disorder that affects many organs of the body.

Question 24

What are the main organs that cystic fibrosis affects?

Answer 24

Lungs and pancreas.

Question 25

What happens to your organs if you have cystic fibrosis?

Answer 25

They become clogged up by thick, sticky must us which stops them from working properly.

Question 26

What allele causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 26

Recessive alleles.

Must be inherited.

Question 27

What is a carrier?

Answer 27

They are carrying the recessive allele which they will pass on.

Question 28

Why will people only inherit cystic fibrosis if they get that allele from both parents?

Answer 28

Because it is a recessive allele.