P2 Section A: URBAN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES - BIRMINGHAM Flashcards

1
Q

BIRMINGHAM: NATIONAL IMPORTANCE

A
  • Growing population: 1.4 million
  • International airport: 12 mil visitors in 2017
  • Education: over 5 unis (60k students)
  • Tourism: £35 billion to economy (35 million visitors to Bullring)
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2
Q

BIRMINGHAM: SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES

A
  • Most Michelin star restaurants outside of London
  • Host Commonwealth Games: £750 million to economy
  • Integrated transport system: redevelopment of area created 14k jobs, 2000 city center homes
    –> £1.3 billion in a year
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3
Q

BIRMINGHAM: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES

A
  • Largest no. of businesses + start-ups offering jobs, retail, leisure and tech opportunities
  • Home to 31 000 companies
  • Provides space for 300 organisations based in the UK who have operations outside the UK
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4
Q

BIRMINGHAM: ENVIRONMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES

A
  • One of the greenest cities in Europe
  • 500 parks and open spaces (Botanical Gardens + Eastside Park)
  • 28km of cycle routes
  • Clean Air Zone started in 2021
  • Urban greening: green terraces at library
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5
Q

BIRMINGHAM: URBAN CHALLENGES

A
  • Birmingham holds 4/5 constituencies for highest rates of unemployment
  • Unemployment around 9-12%
  • 3rd most deprived city in 2015
  • Highest share of people with no qualifications of any UK cities
  • Life expectancy decreases closer to center
  • Education worse inner city (e.g. Sparkbrook) where young leave with no grades
  • Increased dereliction in inner cities (e.g. Digbeth)
  • Growth of commuter settlements on edges- more traffic (strain transport network)
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6
Q

BIRMINGHAM: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

A
  • Only 30% waste recycled in 2015
  • Brownfield site: land decayed –> difficult finding ideal site –> urban sprawl
  • 20 000 new homes built on greenbelt Sutton Coldfield (due to urban sprawl)
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