P2 - Health, Human Rights and Intervention Flashcards
GDP
gross domestic product- value of products and services a country produces
GDP per capita
gross domestic product per person
GDP per capita at PPP
purchasing power parity- considers the differences in costs of living between countries
Development
how a country improves economically, socially and environmentally. Having a high amount of wealth means that you are highly devloped
3 models of development
- Hans Rosling:
goal of development…environmental quality,
health, life expectancy & human rights - Happy Planet Index:
happy lanet index= healthXjusticeXwell being/
ecological footprint - Bolivia:
Morales exploited Bolivia’s natural gas and
mineral resources and shared the wealth out
amoungst the people. Bolivian’s were lifted
out of poverty. This model goes against the
traditional rhetoric of development as his gov.
is conserned with equality of wealth
Why is education important to human rights?
if you can read you can read/have access to your human rights
understanding of equality- educational liberation
understanding of other cultures- not everyone has the same view as your country or gov.
being able to read/write and speak your mind
trains lawyers/baristers to encourage lower corruption
What factors could reduce access to education?
- war
- being in a rural area
- lower income country
- equality laws
- deprived areas within richer countries
How did the Boko Haram limit girls access to education?
warned girls to stay away from school and that if they found girls were in school they would abduct them and never give them back
What is Boko Haram?
a terrorist/extremist group in northern Nigeria. They try to enforce sharia on the people living in northern Nigeria.
What did the Boko Haram do in 2011?
abducted 270 school girls
What is Sharia Law?
Law of Islam. A legal system that covers a wide range of topics
What is your human right according to Sharia Law?
to have lawmakers who are strong enough to make sure everyone follows the right path
In what year did the Talliban order that all female education had to cease?
2008
Why was there a variation in the concequences of Ebola in different developing countries?
Nigeria- doctor didnt let a patient out becuse she knew what it was
Liberia- tried to do a lockdown but the pop. didn’t like it so freed the infected
developed countries will provide aid until it might impact their country
Why were their differences in health accross Nigeria?
more vaccinated in the south than the north so are more protected from curable diseases
harsher climate in the north = harder to live
Boko Haram more prominent in the north where there are lower vaccine rates due to cultural and religious beliefs
north is Muslim and mostly follows Sharia Law- less vaccinations and HIV/AIDS due to cultural and religious beliefs and stronger laws on sexual relations
lower economic production in north = little money to spend on vaccines and medical centers
Evidence on variation in health within the UK
Death rates from Covid were more than double in areas of deprivation
Higher life expectancy for males in the southcompared to north due to higher standard of living
What area of Australia was given to the indigenous people and why is it unfair?
- ‘the outback’
- it is hot and dry
- has little resources
- has little infrastructure- e.g. healh and education
How is the high alcoholism a problem for the indigenous people in Australia?
- high prison sentences
- they have no limit on buying it = high consumption
- fetal alcohol syndrome because mothers drink while they are pregnant
What is the infant mortality rate for indigenous people in Australia compared to the rest of the population?
- indigenous people = 6.2
- australians = 3.7
What is some evidence of inequality in Australia?
- obesity is 30% higher in indigenous children
- smoking rates are 2x higher in indigenous pops., accounting for 20% of all deaths
- indigenous children eat a poorer diet- 27% has a vitamin D deficiency
What are some causes of inequality in Australia?
- lost much of their original farmlands
- incomes 38% lower amongst the indigenous pop.
- educational achievemtn is lower
- live in remote areas with limited access to healthcare services
UK is an example
Welfare state
provides services
North Korea is an example
totalitarian state
provides services that are not free. Prohibits opposition parties, restrict individual opposition to the state and excersises an extremely high control
neo-liberalism
Freeing up money. It transfers control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector
How does neo-liberalism happen?
- free trade
- privatisation
- liberalisation/deregulation
What are the eight development goals?
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child morality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental stastainability
Global partnership for development
Who were the 8 development goals created by, when were they created and what was their target?
UN
2000
2015
What was the aim of the 8 millennium development goals?
To reduce global poverty by 59% by 2015
What was the change in primary school enrolment due to the 8 millennium development goals?
Rose from 83% in 2000 to 91% in 2015
What happened to child mortality due to the 8 millennium development goals?
It reduced by half
Name some of the 17 sustainable development goals
No poverty
Zero hunger
Good health and wellbeing
Quality education
Gender equality
Clean water and sanitation
Affordable and clean energy
Decent work and economic growth
Industry innovation and infrastructure
Reduced inequalities
Climate action
Life below water
Life on land
Etc
When was the universal declaration of human rights created?
1948 post WW2
What are the four Geneva conventions?
Protect wounded and sick soldiers on land during war
Protect wounded, sick and shipwrecked military personnel at sea during war
Protect prisoners of war
Protect civilians including those in occupied territories
When was the Geneva convention signed?
1949
What are the human rights problems in North Korea?
Forbidden to use the internet
Can be executed
No freedom of speech
What are the main differences between authoritarian and democratic governments?
Authoritarian:
One ruler
Citizens don’t have a choice of government
Freedom of speech, press, and religion are restricted
Democratic:
A system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections
Active participation of people as citizens
Political corruption
The abuse of entrusted power for private gain
How long has Myanmar been ruled by an unelected military?
Since it gained independence from British colonial rule in 1948
Evidence of corruption in Myanmar
Hundreds of thousands of people protested against a military coup in 2021 but were met with brutality- 3,800 arrested and 780 killed
In 1980 who came into power in Zimbabwe?
Robert Mugabe
Why is the power considered corrupt in Zimbabwe?
The president has maintained control by questionable elections, corruption and the firm denial of human rights, particularly to the remaining white people
What was the genocide in Rwanda?
Tutsi were the minority group but were in power
Hutu were suppressed which caused a massacre of Tutsi in 1994 where 800,000 people were killed
What are the three ways that the Indigenous Peoples in Australia has their human rights abused?
Forced to live on marginal lands which were not very productive
Were not allowed to vote
Policy of the stolen generations from 1910 to 1970
What is the policy of the stolen generations in Australia an example of?
Ethnic cleansing
What did the policy of the stolen generations in Australia consist of?
The government took the children of Indigenous Peoples in Australia and put them into white households or placed into institutions. They were given new names and taught to reject their indigenous heritage and adopt the white beliefs
In what year were women given the right to vote in Afghanistan?
1919
What are the three types of geopolitical intervention?
- development aid
- military aid
- economic support
What responsibility does each country have towards its citizens according to the 2005 UN resolution?
“responsibility to protect”
From:
* genocide
* war crimes
* ethnic cleansing
* crimes against humanity
National sovereignty
The idea that each nation has a right to govern itself without interferance
CASE STUDY: Libya
What is Libya’s background and link to the UK?
- gained independence from Italy in 1951
- were blamed for the Lockerbie plane bombing in Scotland
CASE STUDY: Libya
What were the human rights violations?
- 4th March- 6 members of UK SAS are captured and detained in Benghazi
- Gaddafi- fight until his ‘last drop of blood’
CASE STUDY: Libya
What were some of the key points in time leading to the military intervention?
- Jan 2011- wave of popular uprisings sweeps the Arab world, starting in Tunisia
- 21st feb- UK PM, Cameron, condems the violence by Gaddafi regime as “appaling and unacceptable”
- 22nd Feb- Gaddafi vows to fight until his ‘last drop of blood’
- 24th Feb- Cameron calls for Un action on Libya
Why don’t we consistently intervene where HR violations are executed?
- doesn’t benefit them
- may be allies with the people who are violating HR
threat to trade - expensive
- unpopular in your country
- concernes over other ‘hiddden’ costs
What is Amnesty International?
A global movement of over 10 million people and is the worlds largest HR organisation
What is Amnesty International’s aims?
- investigate and expose abuses, educate and mobalise the public and help transform societies to create a safer, more just world
- protects people, defending their right to freedom, truth and dignity
What is Humans Rights Watch?
It investigates abuses, exposes facts and pressures those with power to respect rights and secure justice
what are the aims of Humans Rights Watch?
To investigate human rights abuses
Bilateral aid
one country gives to another country
Developmental aid
Aid given through investments and loans
multi-lateral aid
Recieveing aid from multiple sources
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