P2 Global Food

Question 1

Impacts of food insecurity

Answer 1

.famine
.soil erosion
.under nutrition
.rising prices
.social unrest

Question 2

Area of surplus

Answer 2

Area of food security(hic)

Question 3

Area of deficit

Answer 3

Area of insecurity(lic/nee)

Question 4

Risk of high calorie intake and area where this issue occurs

Answer 4

Obesity
(North America and parts of Europe)

Question 5

How does food insecurity cause famine?

Answer 5

If there is less food to go around, many will go hungry

Question 6

How does food insecurity cause soil erosion?

Answer 6

Overcultivation and overgrazing along with lack of rainfall can lead to serious soil erosion, particularly in semi-arid regions. This causes soil infertility and limits food production

Question 7

Risk of low calorie intake
(and an example of an area where this issue is present)

Answer 7

-Malnourishment
-Under nutrition
-Famine and starvation
-southern Asia

Question 8

Two reasons for increasing food consumption

Answer 8

Economic development
Rising population

Question 9

Why is social unrest an impact of food insecurity?

Answer 9

Food shortages lead to rioting

Question 10

How does economic development affect increasing food consumption

Answer 10

-as people become richer,they can afford to buy a greater quantity and variety of food,as a country develops,the demand for food(and its consumption)increases

-demand for convenience and highly processed foods increases with economic development as people have less time to prepare their own food

Question 11

What strategies can be used to increase food supply?

Answer 11

.irrigation
.aeroponics and hydroponics
.the new green revolution
.biotechnology
.appropriate technology

Question 12

What is irrigation and how does it increase food supply?

Answer 12

.used when there is insufficient water
.pipes in the ground which slowly drip water near to roots
.pivotal sprinklers
.uses water transfer to supply water
.helps places that dont have enough water to grow crops to be able to grow crops

Question 13

How do aeroponics and hydroponics help increase food supply and what are they?

Answer 13

.they are modern scientific techniques to grow crops without using soil. They are closely controlled by scientists meaning that plants can be grown throughout the year in artificially lit and heated greenhouses. Nutrients are applied directly to the roots.
.no need for soil to grow
.eliminates diseases that can be found in soil

Question 14

Negatives of hydroponics and aeroponics

Answer 14

Expensive and require a lot of expert knowledge

Question 15

Negatives of irrigation

Answer 15

.tends to be wasteful
.lengthy water transfers often nescessary

Question 16

How does population growth affect increasing food consumption

Answer 16

-increases pressure on food production and supply due to increased demand
-majority of this population growth is in LICS and NEES where many people already suffer with food insecurity

Question 17

What is the new green revolution and how does it increase food supply?

Answer 17

.promoting nutrient cycling through crop rotation
.promoting modern sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices
.helps people to understand sustainable ways of growing crops and increasing yield

Question 18

How does biotechnology help to increase food supply and what is it?

Answer 18

.a controversial scientific approach which is aimed at increasing yields by modifying products or processes
.eg. GM crops
.can increase yield
.uses fewer chemicals and emits less co2
.may not always directly increase food supply however they can increase farmers incomes which allows them to expand farms which can then increase food supply

Question 19

How does using appropriate technology increase food supply and what is it?

Answer 19

.low-tech solution that makes use of local people and local cheap or recycled materials
.commonly used in LIC’s
.often promoted by non-government organisations and charities
.it may involve simple water harvesting techniques, irrigation schemes or crop processing such as using bicycle power to de-husk coffee beens

Question 20

How does climate affect food supply

Answer 20

-droughts and flooding can cause severe food shortages
-climate change means factors may become severe and rainfall patterns may become irregular

Question 21

How does technology affect food supply

Answer 21

food supply and distribution in LICS can be due to the lack of:
-farm machinery(low yields)
-irrigation
-storage facilities
-transport infrastructure(distribution)
-processing facilities(to preserve food)

Question 22

How do pests and disease affect food supply

Answer 22

Many regions suffer from these but lack money to protect the crops and live stock
-locusts can devastate food crops
-cattle can be infected by airborne bacteria
-in poorer societies disease can reduce peoples capacity to be productive

Question 23

Affect of water stress on food supply

Answer 23

-lack of water security along with drought reduces food production
-HICS can afford water transfer schemes whereas LICS cannot
-by 2030 almost half the worlds population will be living in areas of high water stress
-climate change will increase water insecurity

Question 24

Affect of conflict on food supply

Answer 24

-war disrupts the distribution of food
-farmland may be mined
-people are forced to move away;land(homes and farms) are abandoned
-water supplies may be polluted
-food aid may be restricted in areas of military conflict

Question 25

Affect of poverty on food supply

Answer 25

-farmers in LICS can’t afford high quality:seeds,fertiliser or mechanisation that enables them to increase crop yield
-they may also suffer from under nutrition or malnourishment,reducing their ability to work

Question 26

Example of a local scheme in a LIC or NEE to increase sustainable supplies of food

Answer 26

Jamalpur,Bangladesh

Question 27

What is jamalpur

Answer 27

It’s an agricultural district in northern Bangladesh

Question 28

Example of a large-scale agricultural development

Answer 28

Almeria spain

Question 29

What are conditions like in almeria

Answer 29

Arid and dry

Question 30

Where in spain is almeria located

Answer 30

Southern spain

Question 31

How many hectares do greenhouses cover in almeria

Answer 31

31,000 hectares

Question 32

what is permaculture

Answer 32

(permanent agriculture) promotes farming that it promotes farming that is in harmony with the natural environment.

Question 33

What are grown in greenhouses in almeria?

Answer 33

A variety of fruits and vergetables that supply places like the uk with out of season vegetables and fruits

Question 34

organic farming

Answer 34

production of food without the use of chemicals

Question 35

What percent of Europe’s fruit and vegetables are produced in almeria?

Answer 35

Over 50%

Question 36

urban farming initiatives

Answer 36

often takes the form of community initiatives involving the conversionn of waste or derilict land into production farmland or vegetable gardens

Question 37

reduced waste and losses

Answer 37

lots of vegetables and fruit go off quickly so need to be consumed within 48 hours of production

Question 38

whagt fraction of food prodced is wasted

Answer 38

almost 1 third

Question 39

give examples of sustainable agriculture sustainable agriculture

Answer 39

rainwater harvesting, composting, crop rotation and woodland management

Question 40

Advantages of the greenhouses in almeria

Answer 40

.drip irrigation and hydroponic water recycling reduce water usage in this dry environment
.warm temperatures reduce energy costs
.jobs are created in the greenhouses and in packing and transportation
.new scientific food-related companies have been attracted to st up in the area, boosting the economy and creating jobs
.provides fresh fruit and vegetables throughout the year

Question 41

Disadvantages of greenhouses in almeria

Answer 41

.immigrant labour is low paid and living conditions are poor
.social clashes between immigrants and local people
.vast areas of land have been covered by plastic, affecting habitats and ecosystems
.plastic waste is a major issue,some of which is dumped into the sea
.use of pesticides is affecting human health
.some natural water sources are under stress

Question 42

Explain the process of a new practice rice-fish culture

Answer 42

-the charity practical action has been supporting a new practice Called rice-fish culture
-this is where small fish are introduced into the rice paddy fields,to provide a source of protein(for people eating the fish)to aerate the water and fertilise the soil(through their shit)
-rice yields have increased and family diets have improved
-surplus rice can be sold to provide extra income for farmers

Question 43

Why is rice-fish culture a good example of a sustainable approach to increasing food supplies

Answer 43

-doesn’t involve any artificial chemicals
-no expensive equipment or external expertise necessary
-doesn’t harm natural environment