P2 Global Food Flashcards
Impacts of food insecurity
.famine
.soil erosion
.under nutrition
.rising prices
.social unrest
Area of surplus
Area of food security(hic)
Area of deficit
Area of insecurity(lic/nee)
Risk of high calorie intake and area where this issue occurs
Obesity
(North America and parts of Europe)
How does food insecurity cause famine?
If there is less food to go around, many will go hungry
How does food insecurity cause soil erosion?
Overcultivation and overgrazing along with lack of rainfall can lead to serious soil erosion, particularly in semi-arid regions. This causes soil infertility and limits food production
Risk of low calorie intake
(and an example of an area where this issue is present)
-Malnourishment
-Under nutrition
-Famine and starvation
-southern Asia
Two reasons for increasing food consumption
Economic development
Rising population
Why is social unrest an impact of food insecurity?
Food shortages lead to rioting
How does economic development affect increasing food consumption
-as people become richer,they can afford to buy a greater quantity and variety of food,as a country develops,the demand for food(and its consumption)increases
-demand for convenience and highly processed foods increases with economic development as people have less time to prepare their own food
What strategies can be used to increase food supply?
.irrigation
.aeroponics and hydroponics
.the new green revolution
.biotechnology
.appropriate technology
What is irrigation and how does it increase food supply?
.used when there is insufficient water
.pipes in the ground which slowly drip water near to roots
.pivotal sprinklers
.uses water transfer to supply water
.helps places that dont have enough water to grow crops to be able to grow crops
How do aeroponics and hydroponics help increase food supply and what are they?
.they are modern scientific techniques to grow crops without using soil. They are closely controlled by scientists meaning that plants can be grown throughout the year in artificially lit and heated greenhouses. Nutrients are applied directly to the roots.
.no need for soil to grow
.eliminates diseases that can be found in soil
Negatives of hydroponics and aeroponics
Expensive and require a lot of expert knowledge
Negatives of irrigation
.tends to be wasteful
.lengthy water transfers often nescessary
How does population growth affect increasing food consumption
-increases pressure on food production and supply due to increased demand
-majority of this population growth is in LICS and NEES where many people already suffer with food insecurity
What is the new green revolution and how does it increase food supply?
.promoting nutrient cycling through crop rotation
.promoting modern sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices
.helps people to understand sustainable ways of growing crops and increasing yield
How does biotechnology help to increase food supply and what is it?
.a controversial scientific approach which is aimed at increasing yields by modifying products or processes
.eg. GM crops
.can increase yield
.uses fewer chemicals and emits less co2
.may not always directly increase food supply however they can increase farmers incomes which allows them to expand farms which can then increase food supply
How does using appropriate technology increase food supply and what is it?
.low-tech solution that makes use of local people and local cheap or recycled materials
.commonly used in LIC’s
.often promoted by non-government organisations and charities
.it may involve simple water harvesting techniques, irrigation schemes or crop processing such as using bicycle power to de-husk coffee beens
How does climate affect food supply
-droughts and flooding can cause severe food shortages
-climate change means factors may become severe and rainfall patterns may become irregular
How does technology affect food supply
food supply and distribution in LICS can be due to the lack of:
-farm machinery(low yields)
-irrigation
-storage facilities
-transport infrastructure(distribution)
-processing facilities(to preserve food)
How do pests and disease affect food supply
Many regions suffer from these but lack money to protect the crops and live stock
-locusts can devastate food crops
-cattle can be infected by airborne bacteria
-in poorer societies disease can reduce peoples capacity to be productive
Affect of water stress on food supply
-lack of water security along with drought reduces food production
-HICS can afford water transfer schemes whereas LICS cannot
-by 2030 almost half the worlds population will be living in areas of high water stress
-climate change will increase water insecurity
Affect of conflict on food supply
-war disrupts the distribution of food
-farmland may be mined
-people are forced to move away;land(homes and farms) are abandoned
-water supplies may be polluted
-food aid may be restricted in areas of military conflict
Affect of poverty on food supply
-farmers in LICS can’t afford high quality:seeds,fertiliser or mechanisation that enables them to increase crop yield
-they may also suffer from under nutrition or malnourishment,reducing their ability to work
Example of a local scheme in a LIC or NEE to increase sustainable supplies of food
Jamalpur,Bangladesh
What is jamalpur
It’s an agricultural district in northern Bangladesh
Example of a large-scale agricultural development
Almeria spain
What are conditions like in almeria
Arid and dry
Where in spain is almeria located
Southern spain
How many hectares do greenhouses cover in almeria
31,000 hectares
what is permaculture
(permanent agriculture) promotes farming that it promotes farming that is in harmony with the natural environment.
What are grown in greenhouses in almeria?
A variety of fruits and vergetables that supply places like the uk with out of season vegetables and fruits
organic farming
production of food without the use of chemicals
What percent of Europe’s fruit and vegetables are produced in almeria?
Over 50%
urban farming initiatives
often takes the form of community initiatives involving the conversionn of waste or derilict land into production farmland or vegetable gardens
reduced waste and losses
lots of vegetables and fruit go off quickly so need to be consumed within 48 hours of production
whagt fraction of food prodced is wasted
almost 1 third
give examples of sustainable agriculture sustainable agriculture
rainwater harvesting, composting, crop rotation and woodland management
Advantages of the greenhouses in almeria
.drip irrigation and hydroponic water recycling reduce water usage in this dry environment
.warm temperatures reduce energy costs
.jobs are created in the greenhouses and in packing and transportation
.new scientific food-related companies have been attracted to st up in the area, boosting the economy and creating jobs
.provides fresh fruit and vegetables throughout the year
Disadvantages of greenhouses in almeria
.immigrant labour is low paid and living conditions are poor
.social clashes between immigrants and local people
.vast areas of land have been covered by plastic, affecting habitats and ecosystems
.plastic waste is a major issue,some of which is dumped into the sea
.use of pesticides is affecting human health
.some natural water sources are under stress
Explain the process of a new practice rice-fish culture
-the charity practical action has been supporting a new practice Called rice-fish culture
-this is where small fish are introduced into the rice paddy fields,to provide a source of protein(for people eating the fish)to aerate the water and fertilise the soil(through their shit)
-rice yields have increased and family diets have improved
-surplus rice can be sold to provide extra income for farmers
Why is rice-fish culture a good example of a sustainable approach to increasing food supplies
-doesn’t involve any artificial chemicals
-no expensive equipment or external expertise necessary
-doesn’t harm natural environment
