P1 case studies Flashcards
1
Q
information for the Gorkha Nepal earthquake (LIC)
A
- 25 April 2015
- 7.8 magnitude (Richter scale)
- 9000 killed
- 8 million people affected
- epicentre only 81km from Kathmandu epicentre
- continental collision ( indo-Australian and Eurasian plates)
- avalanches hit Everest and climbers killed ( secondary effect)
- NGO Oxfam provided emergency aid
2
Q
information on the L’Aquila earthquake (HIC)
A
- 6th April 2009
- 6.3 on richter scale
- 309 dead
- 3:32 am while people were asleep
- 60 miles NW of Rome
- 65,000 homeless due to old buildings and poor structures
- $1.1 billion in damage
- lack of housing afterwards pushed house prices up
- red cross provided 7 dog unit, 36 ambulances and a temporary hospital within an hour
3
Q
date and scale of typhoon Haiyan
A
- November 2013
- category 5 on Saffir Simpson scale
4
Q
primary effects of typhoon Haiyan
A
- strong winds, 400mm of rainfall and 5m storm surge
- 6300 killed
- 600,000 people displaced
- 2 million homeless
- 300,000 damaged fishing boats
- 90% of Tacloban city destroyed
- flooding
5
Q
secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan
A
- 6 million people lost income
- landslides and roads blocked
- remote communications cut of
- power supplies lost for a month
- ferry service and flights disrupted for weeks
- water and food shortages
- disease
- violence and looting in Tacloban
- $100 million aid sent
6
Q
long term responses of typhoon Haiyan
A
- $100 million aid sent
- rebuilding of roads, airports and bridges
- ‘cash for work’ programs
- rice farming and fisheries quickly re-established - supported by charities like Oxfam
- thousands of homes rebuilt away from flood risk
- more cyclone shelters built
7
Q
example and date pf a recent extreme weather event in the UK
A
- February- March 2018
- beast from the east
8
Q
causes of the beast from the east
A
- a change to northern polar jet stream drew in cold air to the UK from the east
- brought a severe chill from thousands of miles away
- air picked up moisture over the north sea bringing snow to the east coast
- 1st March depression called storm Emma moved in from the Atlantic –> even more snow
- met office issued red weather warning
9
Q
primary effects of the beast from the east
A
- 4 deaths in London, including a man pulled from a frozen lake
- huge amounts of snow on east coast and the Scottish boarders
- up to 50cm snow in Dartmoor, Exmoor and SE Wales with drift hights as high as 7m
- Gales and sever gales in exposed areas
- 60-70 mph gusts in parts of England and Wales
- temperature lows of -12
- flood warnings on many coastlines
10
Q
secondary effects of the beast from the east
A
- many short-haul British airways flights cancelled from Heathrow and London city airports
- hospitals in Glasgow, Grimsby, Scunthorpe and Goole cancelled all outpatient appointments
- thousands of schools closed
- Scottish premiership games postponed
- hundreds of people trapped in their vehicles for hours
- lorries crashed or jack-knifed
- 8620 collisions on Britain’s roads in 3 days
- insurance costs larger than £10 million
- weather costs the UK millions
- shelves emptied in supermarkets due to panic buying
11
Q
management/ Reponses to the beast from the east
A
- stranded drivers were given foil blankets
- the army was called in to help people
- councils had to send out gritters and snow ploughs to clear the roads
- the met office issued red warnings for several areas
- public health England urges people to plan ahead and ensure they had enough food and medicine
- in Kent 50 railway stations closed
- 10 RAF 4x4 vehicles with 20 airmen began transporting health staff over mountains
12
Q
example of a small scale UK ecosystem
A
- Epping forest
- ancient deciduous woodland
- managed to some degree for 1000 years e,g hunting and timber
- a wide variety of natural tree species that include beech, elm, oak and ash
- a shrub layer consisting of hazel and holly, along with grasses, brambles, fern, bracken and flowering plants
- 177 species of lichen and moss, many primary consumers including insects and small mammals and deer along with 38 species of birds
- 700 species of fungi, important decomposers, which are common due to a large amount of dead wood
- over 100 lakes and ponds provide important habitats for numerous fauna species and flora
13
Q
example of a river valley in the UK
A
- river Tees
- found in NE England
- 137 km long
- source at Cross fell in the Pennines hills
- mouth north sea
- upper course- V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, high force waterfall tallest in England (21m), horizontal cap of of whinstone ( hard) over carboniferous (soft)
- middle course- meanders, floodplain at Barnard castle
- lower course - town of Yarm found inside meander, Ox bows, levees, Tees estuary, Mudflats at Tees mouth ( Middleborough) petrochemical and nuclear plant at mouth
14
Q
example of a flood management scheme in the UK
A
- Jubilee river relief channel
- found on the river Thames
- aims to reduce flooding in Windsor and Eton
- founded by environment agency costing £330 million
- opened in 2002
- 11.17km long
- UKs largest artificial channel
- 5 damns along its course
15
Q
social issues for the Jubilee river relief channel
A
- protects wealthy Maidenhead and Eton but at the expense of less affluent Wraysbury
