P2 - Cerebrum Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
higher level executive functioning, personality, planning, voluntary movement, expressive language
- borders = central sulcus, lateral sulcus, cingulate sulcus
Parietal Lobe
somatosensation, spatial awareness, direct attention, perception schemas
- borders = central sulcus, lateral sulcus, cingulate sulcus, parietal-occipital sulcus
Temporal Lobe
process auditory information, classify sounds, emotion + memory, vestibular
- borders = lateral sulcus
Occipital Lobe
process vision, spatial relationships of visual objects, analyze motion + color
- borders = parietal-occipital sulcus
Lateral Sulcus
separates frontal/parietal + temporal lobe
Central Sulcus
separates frontal + parietal lobe
Precentral Gyrus
primary motor cortex … precise, contralateral control of movements
Postcentral Gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
Angular Gyrus
spatial cognition, language, attention, number processing, memory retrieval, social cognition, conflict resolution
- inferior parietal lobe
Interhemispheric Fissure
- separates R/L cerebral hemispheres through falx cerebri
- connects brain through corpus callosum
Parieto-occipital Fissure
separates parietal + occipital lobe
Cingulate Gyrus
regulate emotions and neuropathic pain
Frontal Pole
most anterior portion of frontal lobe
Occipital Pole
most posterior portion of occipital lobe
Temporal Pole
most anterior + inferior portion of temporal lobe
Corpus Callosum
primary commissural area consisting of white matter tracts that connect R + L cerebral hemispheres
Uncus
olfaction, emotions, new memories
Parahippocampal Gyrus
spatial memory, navigation, “way-finding”
- cortical region surrounding hippocampus
Occipitotemporal Gyrus
higher visual processing … facial recognition, object perception, reading, memory
Internal Capsule
- communication b/w cerebral cortex + brainstem
- necessary for physical movement and perception of sensory information
Internal Capsule - Anterior Limb
thalamic + brainstem fibers from prefrontal cortex regions associated w/ emotion, motivation, cognition, and decision-making
Internal Capsule - Posterior Limb
corticospinal fibers + some sensory … leg, trunk, arm, face (LTAF)
Corona Radiata
- white matter tracts that carry messages to and from body (afferent + efferent)
- at level of lateral ventricles
- superiorly = continuous w/ centrum semiovale
- inferiorly = converge as internal capsule
Centrum Semiovale
- contains association, commissural, and projection fibers
- balance, reflect, think
- superior to lateral ventricles + corpus callosum
Motor Cortex
planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements (contralateral fractionated movement)
- frontal lobe, precentral gyrus
Premotor Cortex
- prepares + executes movements of trunk + limbs through coordination in choosing appropriate movement
- external cues … anticipatory postural adjustments
- anterior + lateral to primary motor cortex
Supplemental Motor Cortex
- initiation of movement, orientation planning, control/planning of bilateral + sequential movements
- internal cues
- anterior + medial to primary motor cortex
Broca’s Area
motor production of speech
- located in inferior frontal gyrus
Wernicke’s Area
speech comprehension
- located in posterior upper temporal lobe
Visual Cortex
receives, integrates, and processes visual information relayed from retinas
- in occipital lobe near lateral sulcus
Primary Visual Cortex
intensity of light, shape, size, location, and movement of objects
- w/in calcarine sulcus and adjacent gyri
Secondary Visual Cortex
motion, color, recognition of visual objects, visual spatial relationships, control of visual fixation (via output to superior colliculus)
Auditory Cortex
processes auditory information
- in superior temporal gyrus
Primary Auditory Cortex
conscious discrimination of loudness + pitch (intensity)
- w/in lateral fissure and superior temporal lobe
Secondary Auditory Cortex
contrasts sounds heard from memories and categorizes/classifies them
Somatosensory Cortex
temperature, proprioception, touch, texture, pain
- postcentral gyrus
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects
- w/in central sulcus + postcentral gyrus
Secondary Somatosensory Cortex
- stereognosis, memory of tactile + spatial environment
- integrates tactile + proprioceptive information obtained from manipulating an object
Vestibular Cortex
head position + movement, spatial orientation, perception of vertical
- w/in posterior end of lateral fissure in parieto-insular cortex
Hippocampus
declarative memory
Insula
limbic function, auditory processing, emotion
Amygdala
emotions + motivation
- nucleus in temporal lobeF
Fornix
- white matter bundle connecting hippocampus w/ hypothalamus
- part of declarative memory system
