P1 - Brain Regions Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
voluntary movement, expressive language, higher level executive functioning, personality
Parietal Lobe
spatial awareness, sensory perception, integration (taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell)
Occipital Lobe
visual perception/integration (including color, form, motion)
Temporal Lobe
auditory processing, some vestibular, encoding of memory
Postcentral Gyrus
primary sensory strip
sensory processing, proprioception
Precentral Gyrus
primary motor strip
motor processing, controls voluntary movements of contralateral side
Central Sulcus
(rolandic tissue) acts as the boundary b/w motor and sensory cortices + b/w frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral Sulcus
(sylvian tissue) separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Cerebellum
the great comparator
- coordinate movements (balance, coordination, postural control and feedback)
- holds more than half of neurons in body
Pons
unconscious vital functions (wake cycle, breathing, etc.)
Medulla
unconscious vital functions and processing (heart beat, breathing, blood pressure, etc.)
Mammillary Bodies
recollective memory
Occipitotemporal (Fusiform) Gyrus
high-level visual processing (face perception, object recognition, reading)
Inferior Olive
learning and timing of movements, comparing intended w/ achieved movements
Pyramids + Pyramidal Decussation
- contain motor fibers that pass from brain to medulla oblongata and spinal cord (motor nerve fibers cross here)
- separates medulla oblongata from spinal cord
Spinal Cord
pathway for messages sent by brain to body + from body to brain
Uncus
olfaction, emotions, forming new memories + recollective memories
Parahippocampal Gyrus
spatial awareness, memory encoding and retrieval (spatial memory)
Cervical Nerves
motor and sensory innervation of neck + UE
Midbrain
vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, temperature regulation
Gracile Fasciculus
main touch pathway - fine touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception from lower body to brain stem
- originates from medulla oblongata
Gray Matter
- neurons are NOT myelinated
- process information, release new information
- control movement, memory, emotions
White Matter
- neurons ARE myelinated
- conduct, process, and send nerve signals up and down spinal cord
Cuneate Fasciculus
transmit vibration, conscious proprioception, and discriminative/fine touch sensations from upper body
Gracile Nucleus
dorsal column nuclei
- collection of cell bodies for main touch pathway
- transmits fine touch and proprioception sensation from lower body
Cuneate Nucleus
- collection of cell bodies for dorsal column medial lemniscus
- carries information from upper body and UE
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
coordinates signals from spinal cord to cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning
Corticospinal (Pyramid) Tract
- collection of axons that carry movement-related information from cerebral cortex to spinal cord
- helps control voluntary movement via crossing of motor tracts in medulla
- part of descending spinal tract system that originates from cortex/brainstem
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
(brachium pontis) connects cerebellum to pons
- largest afferent system of cerebellum
- pontocerebellar tract fibers arise from contralateral pontine nuclei
4th Ventricle
- protect brain from trauma
- helps form central canal
- roof and floor, cushioning effect
Cerebellar Peduncles
- main highway for signals transported from cortex to other parts of CNS
- body coordination
Cerebral Aqueduct
narrow 15 mm conduit that allows for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow b/w 3rd + 4th ventricles
Periaqueductal Gray Matter
- modulation and propagation of pain
- sympathetic responses
- learning and action of defensive and aversive behavior
Inferior Colliculus
sound localization, frequency determination, integration of auditory w/ non-auditory systems
Superior Colliculus
- visual, auditory, and somatosensory information integration to initiate motor commands
- receives signals from retina
Substantia Nigra
- production of dopamine (reward)
- body movements
- chemical signaling … affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making, etc.
Peduncles
- assist in refining motor movements, learning new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance
- corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar tracts run through here
