P1 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN I - Olfactory
- sensory
- smell
- nuclei: cerebrum
- only sensory neuron that does not synapse in thalamus
CN I Exit
does NOT exit skull
cribriform plates
CN II - Optic
- sensory
- vision
- nuclei: thalamus (diencephalon)
CN II Exit
does NOT exit skull
optic canal
CN III - Oculomotor
- motor
- eye movement (up, down, in)
- opens eyelids
- pupil constriction
- nuclei: midbrain
CN III Exit
superior orbital fissure
CN IV - Trochlear
- motor
- eye movement (down, in)
- nuclei: midbrain (posterior)
CN IV Exit
superior orbital fissure
CN V - Trigeminal
- both sensory + motor
- facial sensation
- muscles of mastication
- nuclei: midbrain (V1), pons (V2), medulla (V3)
CN V Exit
- V1 = superior orbital fissure
- V2 = foramen rotundum
- V3 = foramen ovale
CN VI - Abducens
- motor
- eye movement (lateral)
- nuclei: pons (midline)
CN VI Exit
superior orbital fissure
CN VII - Facial
- both sensory + motor
- muscles of facial expression
- closes eyelids
- salivation + lacrimation (tears)
- taste (anterior 2/3)
- nuclei: pons
CN VII Exit
- internal auditory meatus
- stylomastoid foramen
CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear
- sensory
- proprioception
- hearing
- nuclei: b/w pons + medulla
CN VIII Exit
internal auditory meatus
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
- both sensory + motor
- pharyngeal muscles
- salivation
- carotid body reflexes (BP)
- swallowing + gag reflex
- taste (posterior 1/3)
- nuclei: medulla
CN IX Exit
jugular foramen
CN X - Vagus
- both sensory + motor
- pharyngeal muscles
- swallowing + gag reflex
- larynx (speech)
- parasympathetic to most visceral organs
- nuclei: medulla (upper)
CN X Exit
jugular foramen
CN XI - Accessory
- motor
- head rotation
- shoulder shrug
- nuclei: inferior medulla, spinal cord
CN XI Exit
- enters skull via foramen magnum
- exits via jugular foramen
CN XII - Hypoglossal
- motor
- tongue movement
- nuclei: medulla (upper)
CN XII Exit
hypoglossal canal
Crista Galli
- olfactory bulbs
- FC = loss of smell
Cribriform Plate
- CN I
- FC = loss of smell
Optic Canal
- CN II, opthalmic artery
- FC = blindness, visual field abnormalities, loss of pupillary constriction
Foramen Rotundum
- CN V2 (maxillary division)
- FC = loss of sensation + pain in maxillary region, loss of motor function of ipsilateral muscles of mastication
Foramen Ovale
- CN V3 (mandibular division)
- FC = loss of sensation + pain in mandibular region, loss of motor function of ipsilateral muscles of mastication
Foramen Spinosum
- middle meningeal artery
- FC = epidural hematoma
Foramen Lacerum
filled w/ cartilage in life
Groove for Middle Meningeal Artery
- middle meningeal artery
- FC = epidural hematoma
Groove for Superior Petrosal Sinus
- superior petrosal sinus
- FC = improper drainage
Internal Auditory Meatus
- CN VII, CN VIII, labyrinthine artery + vein
- FC = paralysis of facial muscles, abnormal taste, dry conjunctiva, hearing loss, tinnitus
Jugular Foramen
- CN IX, CN X, XN XI, internal jugular vein
- FC = loss of taste + sensation of soft palate, uvula deviation, vocal cord paralysis, paralysis of neck muscles
Sulcus for Transverse Sinus
- transverse sinus
- FC = improper drainage
Hypoglossal Canal
- CN XII
- FC = weak tongue muscles (deviation toward affected side), speech disturbance
Foramen Magnum
- spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN XI roots
- FC = paralysis, death, paralysis of neck muscles
Sulcus for Superior Sagittal Sinus
- superior sagittal sinus
- FC = improper drainage
Superior Oribittal Fissure
- CN III, CN IV, CN V1 (ophthalmic division), CN VI, superior ophthalmic vein
- FC = pupil dilation, ptosis, loss of normal pupillary reflex, eye positioned down + out, inability to look down + in, loss of sensation + pain in opthalmic region, inability to look laterally, improper drainage
Stylomastoid Foramen
- CN VII
- FC = paralysis of facial muscles, abnormal taste, dry conjunctiva
