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Physics Y11 > P1.5 > Flashcards

P1.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sound waves…

A

…are vibrations in a medium and cannot travel through a vacuum

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2
Q

What is a mechanical wave?

A

Vibrations that travel through a substance (cannot travel through a vacuum) - can be traverse or longitudinal

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3
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy, communications and information

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4
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

The oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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5
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

The oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sound waves

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7
Q

What is an example of a transverse wave?

A

Electromagnetic waves

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8
Q

Longitudinal show areas of compression and rarefraction

A

Compression= squashed together and rarefraction = spread apart

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9
Q

Name the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Rapid - radio
Monkeys - microwave
In - infrared
Velvet - visible
Underpants - ultra violet
eXcrete - X-rays
Gummybears - gamma
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10
Q

Radio waves have…

A

…little energy, low frequency and low wavelength (10 power15)

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11
Q

Gamma waves have…

A

…most energy, highest frequency & highest wavelength (10 power4)

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12
Q

Waves can be…

A

…relflected, refracted and diffracted

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13
Q

What is reflection?

A

Image is formed that is virtual, upright and laterally inverted

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14
Q

The angle of incidence=

A

The angle of reflection

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15
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change of direction of a light ray as it passes across a boundary between two transparent substances

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16
Q

What happens to the wave when it goes from air to glass?

A

It bends towards the normal and slows down

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17
Q

What happens to the wave when it goes from glass to air?

A

It bends away from the normal and speeds up

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18
Q

What happens to the wave when it goes from air to glass at 90 degrees/along the normal?

A

It does not refract/carries on at 90degrees

19
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

The height of a wave crest or a wave trough of a transverse wave from the rest position

20
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance of one wave crest to the next wave crest - measured in m

21
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of wave crests passing a fixed point every second - measured in hertz

22
Q

What is the wave speed of a wave?

A

Wavelength x frequency

23
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Communications - tv, radio and mobile phone signals

24
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Cooking and communications - phones and tv

25
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

Communications - remote controls & optical fibres

26
Q

What are visible waves used for?

A

Communications - photography

27
Q

What are ultra violet waves used for?

A

Sunbeds & forged bank notes

28
Q

What are x-Rays used for?

A

Bone fractures & seeing inside the body

29
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A

Grating cancer & sterilising equipment

30
Q

What are reflected sound waves known as?

A

Echos

31
Q

What affects the pitch of a note?

A

The frequency of a wave

32
Q

What affects the volume of a wave?

A

The amplitude of the wave

33
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The spreading of waves when they pas through a gap or around the edge of an obstacle which has a similar size as the wavelength of the waves

34
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The change of wavelength and frequency of a wave (light from galaxies, sounds or microwaves) as it moves towards or away from the observer

35
Q

What is red-shift?

A

The movement of a wave towards the red end of the spectrum so the wave moves away from the observer - increased wavelength and decreased frequency

36
Q

What is blue-shift?

A

The movement of a wave towards the blue end of the spectrum so the wave moves towards the observer - decreased wavelength and increased frequency

37
Q

Red shift =

A

Evidence the universe is expanding

38
Q

Red-shift of galaxies?

A

Light from distant galaxies are moving away from us so have an increased wavelength and decreased frequency - the light appears more red

39
Q

What does the further away the distant galaxies tell us about them?

A

The faster the galaxies are moving and the bigger increase in wavelength

40
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

The theory the universe started from a very small initial point

41
Q

What is cosmic microwave background radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation which fills the universe. It comes from the radiation present after the Big Bang so provides evidence for the Big Bang theory

42
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Electric or magnetic disturbances that transfer energy from one place to another.
They travel through a vacuum at the same speed (3000000km/s = speed of light)

43
Q

What is the problem with using your mobile phone a lot (especially near you head)?

A

Microwaves are transferred between your phone and the bearest transmitter
Some wavelengths of microwaves are absorbed by water and heats it up so this happens with the water in your cells and so lead to damaged health but there’s no evidence yet

Physics Y11 (11 decks)

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