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Physics Y11 > P1.4 > Flashcards

P1.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which power stations have the slowest start up time?

A

Nuclear

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2
Q

What happens to the energy in a furnace or nuclear reactor (chemical)

A

Water is heated in a boiler (heat) which turns to steam which drives a turbine (kinetic) and then a generator (electrical) to the national grid to homes

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3
Q

Non renewable (will run out, all do damage to environment) energy sources:

A

Fossil fuels: coal, oil and gas

Nuclear (uranium & plutonium)

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4
Q

What’s the problem with fossil fuels?

A

Release co2 which causes global warming

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5
Q

How can the amount of co2 released by fossil fuels being reduced?

A

Capture the co2 before it is relaxed into the atmosphere

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6
Q

Name the renewable (never run out, most do damage to environment, unreliable weather dependant) energy sources:

A 
Biofuels
Wind turbines
Water - wave generator, hydroelectric/pumped storage system & tidal
Solar
Geothermal
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7
Q

How is energy generated from the wind?

A

Wind turbines contain generators which electricity is directly generated from the wind turning the blades which turn the generator

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8
Q

How is energy generated from waves?

A

A wave generator floats on the water and moves up and down which generates electricity - passes through a cable back to shore

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9
Q

How is energy generated from tide?

A

High tide is trapped behind a barrage it is released and falls to the lower levels driving a turbine

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10
Q

How is energy generated from hydroelectric?

A

Rainwater is collected in a reservoir and then pumped & flows through turbines as it flows down hill which drives a generator

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11
Q

How is energy generated from pumped storage system?

A

Spare night time electricity is used to pump water up to a higher reservoir which can be released quickly during periods of peak demand - storing energy which has already been generated

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12
Q

How is energy generated from the sun?

A

Solar cells absorb the Suns radiation and convert it to electrical energy

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13
Q

How is energy generated from geothermal?

A

In areas with volcanic activity (energy is released underground due the earths radioactive decay processes which heat the surrounding ricks), deep holes are drilled & cold water is pumped down under ground to the hot rocks and then returns to the surface as steam or hot water which can drive a turbine and generate electricity

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14
Q

How is energy generated from fossil fuels?

A

Burnt in power stations

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15
Q

How is energy generated from nuclear(uranium & plutonium) ?

A

Brunt in a nuclear power station involves fission of uranium/plutonium producing heat which drives a turbine

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16
Q

How is energy generated from biofuels?

A

Plant and animal waste is burnt in power stations - carbon neutral

17
Q

What are the main problems with generating electricity?

A

Release of substances into the atmosphere
The production of waste products
Noise and visual pollution
Destruction of wildlife habitats

18
Q

What is carbon capture and storage?

A

Prevents the build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere so we catch and store it in old oil and gas fields eg under the North Sea

19
Q

What is the national grid?

A

A system/network of transformers and cables which transfer energy from power stations to consumers.

20
Q

What do step transformers do?

A

Increase the voltage

21
Q

What do step down transformers do?

A

Decrease the voltage

22
Q

How do we transmit the huge amounts of power needed?

A

Higher voltage or current

23
Q

What’s the problem with high current?

A

Lots of energy is lost through heat in the cables

24
Q

What is it cheaper to do?

A

Boost the current up high and the current down low

25
Q

How do we transmit electricity?

A

Through overhead or underground cables

26
Q

What does the national grid have to do?

A

Meet our demand and our demand is increasing

27
Q

What is a solar power tower?

A

Mirrors reflect the sunlight onto a water tank & heat the water which produces steam which turns a generator

28
Q

What are solar heating panels?

A

Water flows through them and is heated but the sons energy

29
Q

Which power stations have the fastest start up time?

A

Gas

Physics Y11 (11 decks)

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