P12 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of longitudinal waves

A

Show areas of compression and rarefaction

Directions of vibrations are parallel to direction of wave

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2
Q

Properties of transverse waves

A

Has the vibrations perpendicular to direction of flow

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3
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

Maximum displacement of a point on a wave away from itโ€™s undisturbed position

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4
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A

Distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave

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5
Q

What is the frequency of a wave

A

Number of waves passing a point each second

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6
Q

What is the equation for period

A
T = 1/f
Period = 1/ frequency
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7
Q

Wave speed equation

A
V = f x ฮป
Speed = frequency x wavelength
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8
Q

What happens if a light wave hits a boundary along the normal

A

It slows down but is not refracted

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9
Q

What happens if a light wave hits a boundary at an angle

A

The wave slows down and changes direction - it refracts

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10
Q

How to construct a ray diagram

A

1.Draw boundary and normal ( at 90ยฐ to boundary )
2. Draw incident ray that meets normal at the boundary ( angle between normal and incident is the angle of incidence )
3. Draw refracred ray on other side of boundary.
If material is optically denser than first: refracted ray bends towards the normal ( angle between normal and refraction is smaller than incidence )
If material is less optically dense: angle of refraction is larger than angle of incidence

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11
Q

How do sound waves actually make noise

A

They vibrate through solids causing vibrations

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12
Q

What is the range of normal human hearing

A

20Hz - 20kHz

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13
Q

What are ultrasound waves

A

They have a frequency higher than human hearing

They can be used for medical imaging and industrial imaging

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14
Q

How are ultrasound waves used for imaging

A

They are partially reflected when they meet a boundary between 2 media. The time taken for reflections to meet detector can be used to determine how far away the boundary is

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15
Q

What 2 waves do earthquakes produce and how are they different

A

P - waves: longitudinal, travel through solids and liquids

S - waves: transverse, cannot travel through a liquid

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16
Q

What is echo sounding

A

Using high frequency sound waves to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth

17
Q

What is the speed of light

A

300,000,000 m/s

18
Q

How does the human ear hear sound

A

Sound waves reach you ear drum and cause it to vibrate
The bibrations are passed through bones called ossicles, through the semicircular canal and to the cochlea
The cochlea turns the vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain

19
Q

How is human hearing limited

A

Limited by the sound and shape of the ear drum as well as the structure of all parts of the esr that vibrate to transfer the energy from the sound wave