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Physics GCSE > P10 Force and Motion P14 Light > Flashcards

P10 Force and Motion P14 Light Flashcards

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1
Q

Resultant Force Equation:

A

Mass x acceleration

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2
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

States that acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force of the object

States that acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the object

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3
Q

What is the inertia of an object

A

It’s tendency to stay at rest or in uniform motion

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4
Q

What’s the weight of an object

A

The force acting on the object due to gravity. It’s mass is the quantity of matter in the object

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5
Q

At what speed of an object active only by gravity accelerate at

A

10 mph squared

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6
Q

Terminal velocity

A

The terminal velocity of an object is the velocity it eventually reaches when it is falling. The weight of the object is that equal to the frictional force on the object

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7
Q

What is the resultant force on an object moving at its terminal velocity

A

Zero

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8
Q

What does the stopping distance depend on

A

The braking distance and the thinking distance

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9
Q

What is opposes the driving force of the vehicle

A

Friction and air resistance

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10
Q

Thinking distance

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle in the time it takes the driver to react (reaction time)

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11
Q

Stopping distance

A

This is the shortest distance of the vehicle can safely stop in

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12
Q

Breaking distance

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle during the time the braking force acts

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13
Q

Equation for stopping distance

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

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14
Q

What sort of factors increase braking distance

A

High-speed, poor weather conditions and poor vehicle maintenance

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15
Q

What sort of factors increase thinking distance

A

Poor reaction time due to tiredness alcohol drugs or using a mobile phone and high-speed both increase the thinking distance

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16
Q

Equation for breaking force of the vehicle

A

F= m x a

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17
Q

Equation for momentum

A

p = m x v

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18
Q

Momentum units

A

kg m/s

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19
Q

Momentum is an example of what

A

A vector quantity

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20
Q

What is a close system in the context of momentum

A

A system in which the total momentum before an event is the same as the total amount momentum after the event. This is called conservation of momentum

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21
Q

What happens when two objects push each other apart

A

They move a different speeds if they have unequal masses and with equal and opposite momentum so the total momentum is zero

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22
Q

Equation for momentum, when two objects recoil from each other

A

m1 v1 + m2 v2 = 0

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23
Q

What does the force of the impact depend on when vehicles collide

A

On the mass, change of velocity and the length of the impact time

24
Q

How does impact time affect the impact force

A

The longer the impact time the more the impact forces reduce

25
Q

What happens when two vehicles collide

A

They exert equal and opposite forces on each other

The total momentum is unchanged

26
Q

Impact force equation

A

Impact force = change of momentum / impact time

So the short the impact on the greater impact force

27
Q

How do you cycle helmet and cushioned surfaces, for example in playground, help to reduce the impact forces

A

By increasing the impact time

28
Q

How do you seatbelt and airbag help to decrease the impact forces

A

By spreading the force across the chest and increasing the impact time

29
Q

What can conservation of momentum be used for, after car experiences impact

A

The speed of the car

30
Q

Why are side impact bars and crumble zones installed

A

To give way in an impact and so increase the impact time

31
Q

When with an object by classified as elastic

A

If you’re returned to its original shape after removing the force deforming it

32
Q

What is the extension of an elastic object

A

The difference between the length of the object and its original length

33
Q

What is the extension of the spring is directly proportional to

A

To the force applied to it as long as the limit of proportionality is not exceeded, this relationship is linear

34
Q

What happens beyond the limit of proportionality in an elastic object

A

The extension of the spring is no longer proportional to the applied force, this relationship becomes non-linear

35
Q

What is the normal at a point on a mirror

A

A line drawn perpendicular to the mirror

36
Q

The law of reflection states:

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

37
Q

For a light ray reflected by a plane mirror what is the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence and the angle between the incident ray and the normal
The angle for flexion is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal

38
Q

Specular reflection

A

His reflection in a single direction without scattering

39
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

It’s reflection from a rough surface that scatters the light

40
Q

Refraction

A

Is the changing direction of the waves when they travel across a boundary from one medium to another (different densities)

41
Q

What happens when the light ray Travels from air to glass

A

The light grey with cracks as it covers from air into glass, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence

42
Q

What happens on the light rail travels from glass into air

A

As it travels from glass into at the angle of a fraction is more than the angle of incidence

43
Q

How does the wavelength of light differ when you move from Violet to read across the visible spectrum

A

The wavelength increases

44
Q

What does the colour of the surface depend on

A

On the pigments of the surface materials and the wavelength of light that pigments absorb

45
Q

A translucent object…

A

Let’s light passes through it but scatters or reflects the light inside it

46
Q

A transparent object…

A

Let’s all the light that enters it pastorate and does not start or affect the lights inside the object

47
Q

What do you convex lenses do

A

Focuses parallel rays to a point called the principal focus (by coverging them)

48
Q

What are examples of where convex lenses are used

A

A converging lens is used as a magnifying glass and in a camera to form a clear image of a distant object

49
Q

What do you concave lenses do

A

Makes parallel rays spread out as if they had come from a point called the principal focus

50
Q

Find me a diverging lens be used

A

To correct short sight

51
Q

What is the focal length

A

The distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus

52
Q

When is a real image formed

A

I real image is formed by a convex lens if the object is further away than the principal focus

53
Q

When is it a virtual image formed

A

A virtual image is formed by a convex lens if the object is nearer than the principal focus

54
Q

Equation for magnification

A

Magnification= image height / object height

55
Q

What happens to an object when it is placed between a convex lens and its principal focus

A

The image formed is virtual upright magnified and on the same side of the lens as the object

56
Q

What is the convex lens in a camera used for

A

To form a real image of an object

57
Q

What is the convex lens in a magnifying glass form

A

It forms a virtual image of an object

Physics GCSE (10 decks)

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