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Physics Gcse Edexcel > (P1) Topic 5- Light And The Electromagnetic Spectrum > Flashcards

(P1) Topic 5- Light And The Electromagnetic Spectrum Flashcards

1
Q

Angle of incidence is (?) to angle of reflection

A

Equal to

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2
Q

Why can only very smooth surfaces reflect

A

If the surface is bumpy then the light is not reflected evenly

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3
Q

What is specular reflection

A

When all light rays are parallel and an image is formed

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4
Q

What is diffuse reflection

A

When light reflects off a surface that isn’t flat and no image is formed

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5
Q

What is a virtual image

A

an upright image that is achieved where the rays seem to diverge (isn’t real)

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6
Q

What does a convex lens do

A

Brings light rays closer together (they converge)

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7
Q

What does a convex lens look like

A

()

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8
Q

What is a convex lens used for

A

Long-sightedness

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9
Q

Where is the focal point of a convex lens

A

After the lens

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10
Q

What does a concave lens do

A

Spreads out light rays (diverges rays)

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11
Q

What are concave lenses used for

A

Short-sightedness

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12
Q

Where is the focal point of a concave lens

A

Before the lens

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13
Q

Define focal point

A

the point at which rays or waves meet after reflection or refraction, or the point from which diverging rays or waves appear to proceed

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14
Q

Define focal length

A

The distance between the centre of the lens and the focal point

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15
Q

What does it mean is light rays cross with imaginary lines on a diagram

A

The image is virtual, not real

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16
Q

What does a concave lens look like

A

)(

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17
Q

What are the rules for converging lens (convex)

A

-if ray goes to centre of lens, it keeps going straight
-ray parallel= through to focal point on right

18
Q

What are the rules for diverging lenses (concave)

A

-if ray goes to the centre it keeps going straight
-ray parallel= through to focal to focal point on left

19
Q

Calculation for optical power

A

Optical power= 1 / focal length

20
Q

What is optical power

A

How strong a lens is

21
Q

What are the EM spectrum waves made by

A

Vibrating electric and magnetic fields

22
Q

What is the speed of all EM waves

A

3x10^8

23
Q

EM waves are (?) waves

A

Transversal

24
Q

EM spectrum in order, from long wavelength+low energy+low frequency to short wave+high energy+high frequency

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultra-violet
X-rays
Gamma rays

25
Q

Radio waves

A

-produced by oscillations in electrical currents
-information coded into the wave
-long wavelength, low frequency

26
Q

Microwaves

A

-beamed up to a satellite which reflect back down into a device
-phone -> electrically charged satellite -> transmitter

27
Q

Infrared

A

-photothermal heating
-the internal energy of the bonds increases when they absorb infrared, which causes heating
-incident later light -> reflected and IR emissions, emitted IR radiation -> infrared detector

28
Q

Ultraviolet

A

-fluorescent. Substances absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit the energy as visible light
-shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light

29
Q

X-Rays

A

-X-rays are transmitted through body tissues with very little absorption, whereas dense structures absorb them. This shows up as an image on the screen

30
Q

What happens in an object when it is heated

A

The particles in the object move faster as they gain energy

31
Q

What is 0 kelvin

A

-273.15 degrees Celsius
-particles have no energy and don’t move at all

32
Q

What does energy per second equal

A

Power

33
Q

What would happen to the infrared that the earth absorbs from the sun if there was no atmosphere

A

The night side would emit al of the infrared

34
Q

Infrared radiation core practical

A

Speed of cooling- water in 4 test tubes, one control, on in tin foil, one in white paper, one in black paper. See which one cools to room temp the slowest = best insulator

35
Q

Danger level of radio waves

A

Very low danger

36
Q

Danger level of microwaves

A

Low intensity (e.g mobile signals)- unlikely to cause danger
High intensity (e.g microwaves oven)- cooks your insides, very high danger

37
Q

Danger level of infrared

A

Intense source- causes burns

38
Q

Danger of visible light waves

A

Intense sources (e.g looking at the sun)- destroys your retina and can cause blindness

39
Q

Danger of ultraviolet waves

A

Can cause sunburn and skin cancer

40
Q

Danger of x-rays

A

Ionising radiation- can cause cancer as cells can be altered
Large dose leads to DNA breakdown, radiation sickness

41
Q

Danger of gamma rays

A

Same as x-rays
Ionising radiation- can cause cancer as cells can be altered
Large dose leads to DNA breakdown, radiation sickness

Physics Gcse Edexcel (15 decks)

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