(P1) Topic 3- Conservation Of Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the eight main stores of energy

A

Magnetic, thermal, chemical, kinetic, electrostatic, elastic potential, gravitational potential, nuclear

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2
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred, stored, or dissipated

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3
Q

What are the four main ways of transferring energy

A

Mechanical work- a force moving an object through a distance
Electrical work- charges moving due to a potential difference
Heating- due to temperature difference cause electrically or by chemical reaction
Radiation- energy transferred as a wave, e.g light and infrared- the sun emits light radiation and infrared radiation

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4
Q

What does dissipated mean in terms of energy

A

Wasted, usually by being lost to the surroundings

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5
Q

Where can energy go in a closed system

A

It is only transferred within that system. There is no net change in the total energy of the whole system

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6
Q

Calculation for change in GPE

A

Change in GPE= mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height

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7
Q

Calculation for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy= 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

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8
Q

What is one way of reducing the amount of energy dissipated through friction

A

Lubrication- reduces fiction between moving parts

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9
Q

How can wasteful dissipation of thermal energy from an item that is designed to transfer thermal energy be decreased

A

Thermal insulation

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10
Q

Calculation for efficiency

A

Efficiency= useful energy transferred / total energy supplied

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11
Q

Calculation for percentage of efficiency

A

Percentage efficiency= (useful energy transferred / total energy supplied) x 100

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12
Q

What are reasons that devices waste energy

A

Friction between moving parts, electrical resistance, sound energy

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13
Q

What are the major energy resources available to produce electricity

A

Fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, tidal, water waves, the Sun

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14
Q

What does burning fossil fuels produce

A

Carbon dioxide (adds to greenhouse effect) and sulfur dioxide (causes acid rain)

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15
Q

How are renewable resources replenished

A

Human action and natural processes

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16
Q

Examples of fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil, gas

17
Q

Examples of renewable fuel

A

Wind, hydroelectricity, nuclear fuel, biofuel, geothermal energy, tides, sun, water waves

18
Q

Why do we still use fossil fuels

A

A lot of the technology we have has been designed to use fossil fuels + there is a big fossil fuel industry