P1. Topic 3- Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solids, liquids and gases
How are particles in a solid arranged?
-close together
-regular pattern
-vibrate but do not move from place to place
How are particles in a liquid arranged?
-close together
-not arranged in a regular pattern
-particles can move around each other
How are particles in a gas arranged?
-far away
-not arranged in any pattern
-move rapidly
What is the equation for density
density = mass/volume
what is the unit for density
kg/m^3
A block of wood has a mass of 150kg and a volume of 0.3m^3. Calculate the density.
500kg/m^3
Do solids usually have a high or low density?
High
Do liquids usually have a high or low density?
High
Do gases usually have a high or low density?
Low
What is the definition of internal energy?
The energy stored in a system by particles (total kinetic energy and potential energy)
What is the name for when a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting
What is the name for when a liquid turns into a gas?
Boiling
What is the name for when a gas turns into liquid?
Condensation
What is the name for when a liquid turns into a solid?
Freezing
What happens between state changes?
Internal energy increases/ decreases
What is the name for when a solid turns into a gas?
Sublimation
What happens to mass between state changes?
It remains the same as mass is conserved
Are changes of state physical changes or chemical changes?
Physical
What is evaporation?
When only the particles on the surface of a liquid have enough energy to turn into a gas
What is the definition of specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees celsius
What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
Calculate the energy required to increase the temperature of 2kg of water from 20°C to 100°C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 j/kg°C.
change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
672 kJ
What is the unit for specific heat capacity
J/kg°C
An iron has an aluminium plate with a mass of 1.5kg. Calculate the thermal energy stored in the plate when the temperature rises from 20°C to 200°C. The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 913 J/kg°C
246.51 kJ
A hot water bottle cools down from 80°C to 20°C, releasing 756,000 J of thermal energy. Calculate the mass of the water in the hit water bottle. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg°C.
3kg
Does temperature change during state changes?
No
What happens during melting/boiling?
The energy we are putting in is weakening or breaking the forces of attraction between the particles, allowing the substance to change from a solid to a liquid
What is the name for the temperature that a substance melts at?
Melting point
What is the definition for specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature
What is the definition of specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature
What is the definition of specific latent heat of vapourisation
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature
What is the equation for specific latent heat?
Energy for a change of state = mass x specific latent heat
What is the unit for specific latent heat?
J/kg
Calculate the energy required to convert 0.5kg of ice to liquid water. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 334,000 J/kg.
167,000 J or 167 kJ
Calculate the energy required to convert 0.15kg of ethanol from a liquid to a vapour. The specific latent heat of vaporisation of ethanol is 846,000 J/kg
126,900 J
What is gas pressure caused by?
The particles colliding with the walls of the container that the gas is held in
How can pressure be increased in terms of particles?
If we increase number of collisions per second or the energy of each collision
Increase the temperature
What happens to pressure when volume is increased?
Pressure decreases
What is the relationship between pressure and volume
Inversely proportional
What is the equation linking pressure and volume?
Pressure x volume = constant
A gas has a volume of 2m^3 and a pressure of 400,000 Pa. The volume is increased to 6m^3. Calculate the pressure.
133 333 Pa
A gas has a volume of 10m^3 and a pressure of 50,000 Pa. The volume is increased to 50m^3. Calculate the pressure.
10,000 Pa
A gas has a volume of 5m^3 and a pressure of 150,000 Pa. The pressure decreases to 50,000 Pa. Calculate the volume.
15m^3
What is the effect of doing work on an enclosed gas?
Energy is transferred to the gas particles, so the internal energy of the gas increases and temperature increases.
