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MR R's A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) > P1 SOCIAL INFLUENCE > Flashcards

P1 SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards

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1
Q

Asch!!
1. How many men were tested?
2. How many critical trials?
3. Overall conformity %?
4.What % conformed at least once?

A
  1. 123 American men
  2. 12 out of 18
  3. 36.8%
  4. 25% (75% never conformed)
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2
Q

What 3 variables did Asch investigate after his baseline study?

A
  1. Group size
  2. Unanimity
  3. Task difficulty
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3
Q

Why does an increase in task difficulty increase conformity?

A

Informational social influence

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of conformity?

A
  1. Compliance
  2. Internalisation
  3. Identification
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5
Q

What are the 2 explanations of conformity?

A
  1. Informational social influence
  2. Normative social influence
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6
Q

Whose study supports NSI as an explanation of conformity?

A

Asch

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7
Q

Name 2 potential limitations of Asch’s studies?

A
  • Artificial situation & task
  • Gender & Culture bias
  • Ethical issues
  • Lacks temporal validity = child of the times
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8
Q

Whose study on ‘easy’ and ‘hard’ maths problems supports the concepts of ‘task difficulty’ and ‘ISI’?

A

Lucas et al (2006)

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9
Q

How were Zimbardos participants deindividuated?

A

Through the use of uniforms

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10
Q

What did Zimbardo control before his SPE to increase the validity of his findings?

A

Only chose emotionally stable participants to take part and these were then randomly assigned roles = rules out results being affected by individual participant variables

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11
Q

Name a criticism of Zimbardo’s SPE?

A
  • Ethics
  • Lack of realism eg ‘Cool Hand Luke’ comment from a guard suggests demand characteristics
  • Exaggerates conformity to social roles = 2/3 of guards were not brutal
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12
Q

Milgram!!!
1. Who were the participants?
2. What task were the learners asked to do?
3. What % went to both 300V and all the way to 450V
4. Before the study what % of participants did Milgram expect to go to 450V?

A
  1. 40 American men (aged 20-50)
  2. Memory task = remembering pairs of words
  3. 100%; 65%
  4. less than 3%
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13
Q

Sheridan & King’s ‘electric shock’ study on which animal supports Milgram’s findings on obedience?

A

Puppies

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14
Q

Why does Gina Perry (2013) suggest Milgram’s study has low internal validity?

A

She listened to the Milgram tapes and found only 50% participants thought the shocks were real. Of these 2/3 were disobedient (didn’t go all the way)

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15
Q

What 3 situational variables did Milgram investigate?

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Uniform
    3 Location
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16
Q

Milgram: What % obeyed???
1. In a rundown office block?
2. Touch proximity variation?
3. Remote instruction from experimenter?
4. Confederate as experimenter in everyday clothes?

A
  1. 47.5%
  2. 30%
  3. 20.5%
  4. 20%
17
Q

What does Mandel (1998) say is the danger of Milgram’s situational explanation?

A

Provides an ‘alibi’ for those committing evil behaviour

18
Q

Bickman’s (1974) New York field experiment supports Milgram’s situational ‘uniform’ explanation. What 3 outfits did he use?

A
  1. Jacket & tie
  2. A Milkman
  3. A security guard
19
Q

What are 2 situational explanations of obedience?

A
  1. Agentic state
  2. Legitimacy of authority
20
Q

Milgram said that ‘B…………..’ factors keep a person in an agentic state?

A

Binding

21
Q

Which real world crime seems to support the legitimate authority explanation?

A

Mai Lai massacre

22
Q

Why does the actions of Police Battalion 101 in the 2nd world war dispute agentic state theory?

A

They shot civilians in Poland despite being offered other duties. They acted autonomously.

23
Q

What did Rank & Jacobsen (1977) find out about the agentic state?

A

16/18 hospital nurses disobeyed orders from a doctor to give excessive drugs to patients = refutes agentic shift

24
Q

Adorno????
1. Who do AP individuals show contempt for?
2. How does an AP individual think?
3. Name 2 types of parenting that causes AP’s?
4. AP children displace their anger through what process?

A
  1. Those of inferior social status
  2. Rigid cognitive style / black or white thinking
  3. Overly strict parents / Use of conditional love
  4. Scapegoating
25
Q

Which topic am I?
- Flawed evidence = response bias
- Political bias = ignores left wing authoritarianism
- Ignores social factors

A

Adorno’s AP explanation (dispostional)

26
Q

What are 2 explanations of resistance to social influence?

A
  1. Social support (allies)
  2. Locus of control
27
Q

What % of Milgram’s participants obeyed when they had a disobedient confederate (ally) with them?

A

10%

28
Q

Why does Rotter (1982) suggest LOC may not be the most important factor in resisting social influence?

A

Only seems to affect behaviour in NEW situations.

29
Q

What real life 8 week programme studied by Albrecht (2006) seems to support the social support explanation of resistance to social influence

A

Teen Fresh Start USA = those with ‘older buddies’ less likely to smoke

30
Q

What are the 3 main processes in minority influence?

A
  1. Consistency
  2. Commitment
  3. Flexibility
31
Q

The process of social change from a minority to majority view gathering pace is known as……?

A

The snowball effect

32
Q

Moscovici (1969)?????
1. How many confederates were in the groups of 6?
2. How many slides were blue out of 36?
3. What % of participants said the slides were green?
4. What % said green in the ‘inconsistent’ minority condition?
5. What % said green when there were no confederates?

A
  1. 2
  2. 36
  3. 8.42%
  4. 1.25%
  5. 0.25%
33
Q

Which process of social change does Moscovici’s study provide support for?

A

Consistency

34
Q

What methodology criticism can you make about Moscovici’s study?

A

Artificial task = lacks ecological validity

35
Q

Which is minority influence more effective at influencing =

PUBLIC or PRIVATE conformity????

A

PRIVATE

36
Q

What are the 6 stages of social change?

A
  1. Draws attention
  2. Consistent, committed & flexible
  3. Leads to deeper processing
  4. The augmentation principle
  5. Snowball effect
  6. Social cryptoamnesia

MR R's A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) (11 decks)

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