P1: Quantitative Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for concentration?

A

Concentration = mass or moles over volume

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2
Q

How can the concentration of a solution be changed?

A

-Increased by dissolving more solute in a given volume of solution (increases mass)
-Increased by allowing some of the solvent to evaporate (decreases volume of solution)

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3
Q

What is the mole?

A

The amount of substance that contains Avogadro’s constant number of particles.

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4
Q

What is the mass of one mole of a substance equal to?

A

The relative atomic mass of its formula in grams (Mr or Ar)

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5
Q

What number is Avogadro’s constant?

A

6.02 times 10 to the power of 23

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6
Q

How do you calculate the amount of a given mass in moles? (The equation)

A

Moles = mass/relative atomic or formula mass

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7
Q

If there is reactant left over after a reaction, what is it described as?

A

Being in excess

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8
Q

How do you calculate atom economy?

A

(Total Mr of the desired product / Total Mr of all the reactants) x 100

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9
Q

How do you calculate percentage yield?

A

(Mass of product actually made / Maximum theoretical mass of product) x 100

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10
Q

What factors does the pathway chosen for a product depend on?

A

-Percentage yield
-Atom economy
-Rate of reaction
-Equilibrium position
-Usefulness of by-products

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11
Q

What is avogadro’s law?

A

At a given temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain an equal number of molecules.

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12
Q

What is molar volume?

A

The volume occupied by one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure. 24dm^3

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