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GCSE Chemistry > P1: Bonding, Structure & Properties Of Matter > Flashcards

P1: Bonding, Structure & Properties Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

A

Very close in a regular pattern.

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2
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a solid.

A

Vibrate around a fixed position, with low energy.

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3
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

A

Close, randomly arranged.

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4
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid.

A

Move around eachother.

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5
Q

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

A

Far apart and randomly arranged.

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6
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a gas.

A

Moving at random speeds in all direction.

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7
Q

What is an ionic lattice?

A

The regular arrangement of ions in an ionic substance.

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8
Q

How can you tell which ionic compounds are giant structures?

A

ALL ionic compounds are giant structures of ions with an ionic lattice.

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9
Q

What is an ionic lattice held together by?

A

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.

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10
Q

What are the structural properties of diamond?

A

-Each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds
-There are no free electrons

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11
Q

What are the properties of diamond?

A

Hard, high melting and boiling points, doesn’t conduct electricity.

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12
Q

Describe the structure of graphite.

A

-Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
-No covalent bonds between layers
-Weak forces between layers
-One delocalised electron from each atom

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13
Q

Describe and explain the properties of graphite

A

-Conducts electricity: delocalised electrons are free to move between layers
-Slippery: Weak intermolecular forces between layers in graphite

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14
Q

What is one layer of graphite called?

A

Graphene.

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15
Q

What are the properties of Graphene?

A

High melting point, very strong, conducts electricity.

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16
Q

Explain the properties of Graphene.

A

Strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms, delocalised electrons that are free to move across its surface.

17
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.

18
Q

What are the uses of fullerenes?

A

Conductors, lubricant, delivering medication around the body, nanotechnology.

19
Q

What are the properties of buckminsterfullerenes? State and explain them.

A

Slippery with low melting points because there are weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

20
Q

What is a nanotube?

A

A layer of graphite rolled into a cylinder.

21
Q

What are nanotubes used for?

A

Nanotechnology, electronics and specialised materials.

22
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule formed from many smaller identical smaller molecules known as monomers.

23
Q

What are the properties of polymers?

A

High boiling and melting points.

24
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

Conducts electricity, good conductors of thermal energy, high melting and boiling points.

25
Q

Why are metals electrical conductors?

A

Because their delocalised electrons carry electrical charge through the metal.

26
Q

Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy?

A

Because their delocalised electrons transfer energy

27
Q

Why do metals have high melting points and boiling points?

A

Because the metallic bonding in the giant structure of a metal is very strong - large amounts of energy are needed to overcome the metallic bonds in melting and boiling

28
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.

29
Q

Why do people use alloys instead of pure metals?

A

Because many pure metals are too soft for use.

30
Q

Why are alloys so strong?

A

In an alloy, there are atoms of different sides, which distort the layers of atoms in the pure metal. This means that a greater force is required for the layers to slide over each other.

31
Q

What are the uses of nanoparticulate materials?

A

Medical treatments, cosmetics, deodorants and sunscreens, electronics and catalysts.

32
Q

What are the properties of nanomaterials?

A

-Hard (so do not erode as quickly as normal metals)
-Strong (not vulnerable to damage, do not bend out of shape)

33
Q

What are the benefits of using nanoparticles instead of fine particles? (2 reasons)

A

-Less can be used
-Greater surface area : volume ratio.

34
Q

Do simple molecules conduct electricity? Why/why not?

A

They don’t because they don’t have charge.

GCSE Chemistry (11 decks)

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