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GCSE Chemistry > P1: Chemical Changes > Flashcards

P1: Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

The more reactive a metal is…

A

-The more vigorous its reactions are
-The more easily it loses electrons to form ions

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2
Q

What are the products of reactions of metals with water?

A

A metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

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3
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with a dilute acid?

A

A salt and hydrogen

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4
Q

What are the products of a reaction of metal with oxygen?

A

A metal oxide.

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5
Q

What type of metal displaces another one in a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one,

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6
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen or loss of electrons

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7
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen or gaining of electrons.

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8
Q

What is ore?

A

A rock containing enough quantities of a mineral for extraction to be possible.

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9
Q

What are the problems with extracting aluminium from its ore?

A

Aluminium has a high melting point, and aluminium oxide is insoluble in water.

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10
Q

What is used instead of water to extract aluminium from aluminium oxide?

A

Cryolite.

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11
Q

What are the electrodes in electrolysis made out of?

A

Graphite.

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12
Q

What is the name of the positive electrode?

A

Anode

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13
Q

What is the name of the negative electrode?

A

Cathode.

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14
Q

What happens at the electrodes during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide?

A

-At the cathode, aluminium ions gain electrons and form atoms.
-At the anode, oxide ions lose electrons and form oxygen gas.

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15
Q

What do acids produce in aqueous solution?

A

H+ ions

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16
Q

What do alkalis produce in aqueous solution?

A

OH- ions

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution?

A

pH scale.

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18
Q

What is a base?

A

Any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only. Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are bases.

19
Q

What is produced when a base reacts with an acid?

A

Salt and water.

20
Q

What is the other term for bases that are soluble in water?

A

Alkalis.

21
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and a base.

22
Q

How do you make a salt in general?

A

React a metal oxide with an acid.

23
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

A

Salt, water and carbon dioxide.

24
Q

How do you make salt? Explain simply.

A

-Add powdered insoluble reactant to acid in beaker one spatula at a time. Continue adding powder until it is in excess.
-Filter the mixture in the beaker to remove the excess solid.
-Heat the solution in an evaporating dish over a water bath. Stop heating when small crystals start to appear around the edge of the evaporating basin.
-Leave the solution at room temp for a day.

25
Q

Give some examples of strong acids.

A

Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid.

26
Q

Give an example of a weak acid.

A

Ethanoic acid.

27
Q

The higher the concentration of H+ ions in an acidic solution…

A

The lower the pH.

28
Q

What equipment is needed for a titration calculation?

A

-A pipette and filler
-A burette
-A conical flask
-White tile

29
Q

What is the purpose of titrations?

A

-To determine the reacting volumes of solutions of an acid and alkali by titration.
-To determine the concentration of one of the solutions.

30
Q

What are suitable indicators for titration calculations?

A

Phenolphthalein or methyl orange.

31
Q

What colour do phenolphthalein change to?

A

Pink in alkaline conditions, colourless in neutral.

32
Q

What is the colour change in methyl orange?

A

In alkali or basic, it is yellow. In acidic, it is red

33
Q

What are the reagents in a titration calculation?

A

-An acid of unknown concentration
-Sodium Hydroxide solution of known concentration
-A suitable indicator

34
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A substance which, when molten or in solution, will conduct an electric current

35
Q

Which electrode to H+ ions go to?

A

The cathode.

36
Q

Which electrode do OH-ions go to?

A

The anode.

37
Q

When is hydrogen produced at the cathode?

A

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen.

38
Q

Which 3 metals are less reactive than hydrogen?

A

Copper, silver and gold.

39
Q

When do OH- ions NOT go to their electrode?

A

If Group 7 ions are present

40
Q

What is a half equation?

A

An equation that demonstrates how an atom has lost or gained electrons.

41
Q

Explain why the pH of an acid depends on the strength of the acid.

A

The stronger an acid the greater the ionisation, so the lower the pH.

42
Q

Explain why the pH of an acid depends on the concentration of the acid.

A

The higher the concentration of an acid the more acid in the same volume of solution
So the higher the concentration of the acid the lower the pH

43
Q

Are alkaline batteries rechargable?

A

No.

GCSE Chemistry (11 decks)

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