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Science 8 (All Units) > P.1 Matter: Properties & Change > Flashcards

P.1 Matter: Properties & Change Flashcards

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1
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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2
Q

substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

A

elements

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3
Q

substance consisting of 2+ different elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

compound

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4
Q

elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce

A

essential elements

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5
Q

required by organisms in minute quantities

A

trace elements

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6
Q

basic unit of matter

A

atom

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7
Q

center of an atom, packed with protons and neutrons

A

atomic nucleus

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8
Q

same element, same # of protons, different # of neutrons (therefore different mass)

A

isotopes

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9
Q
  • # of protons in an atom
  • specific to each element
  • abbreviated “Z”
A

atomic number

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10
Q

electrons that circulate the outer shell

A

valence electrons

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11
Q

atoms share/transfer electrons, the “glue” that attracts and keeps atoms held together due to sharing of each atom’s electrons

A

chemical bonds

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12
Q

2 or More atoms chemically bonded

A

molecule

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13
Q

making or breaking of bonds

A

chemical reactions

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14
Q

the starting molecules of a chemical reaction

A

reactants

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15
Q

the final molecules of a chemical reaction

A

products

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16
Q

subatomic particle located in the nucleus

A

protons and neutrons

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17
Q

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but may differ in the number of ____. Those atoms of the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons are called ______.

A
  • Neutrons
  • Isotopes
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18
Q

The chemical behavior of an atom is mostly determined by its ______.

A

electrons

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19
Q

Why is the shape of a molecule important in Biology?

A
  • Key to its function in a cell
  • Key to brain function
  • How the receptors recognize the necessary molecule
  • Think of opiates and endorphins
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20
Q

the energy associated with the relative motion of objects

A

kinetic energy

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21
Q

kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms.
energy in its most random form

A

thermal energy

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22
Q

a measure in degrees of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

A

temperature

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23
Q

thermal energy in transfer from one body to another

A

heat

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24
Q

the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1 degree C

A

calorie

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25
Q

a liquid, homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances

A

solution

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26
Q

substance dissolved in a solution

A

solute

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27
Q

solution with water as the solvent

A

aqueous solution (aq)

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28
Q

scale used to express acidity and basicity of substances

A

pH

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29
Q

a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution

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30
Q

a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

A

chemical formula

31
Q

uses symbols to show us the relationship between the reactants and the products

A

chemical equation

32
Q

a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings

A

exothermic reaction

33
Q

a chemical reaction that reaction that requires heat

A

endothermic reaction

34
Q

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

A

law of conservation of energy

35
Q

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or changed very much

A

catalyst

36
Q

temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure (identifying characteristic at standard pressure)

A

Boiling Point

37
Q

the measure of mass of a substance per unit volume (identifying characteristic at standard temperature and pressure)

A

Density

38
Q

the ability to be formed or pulled into a wire or tube

A

Ductility

39
Q

the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures

A

heat

40
Q

the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid (identifying characteristic at standard pressure)

A

melting point

41
Q

able to be bended, shaped, or flattened or hammered flat

A

malleability

42
Q

one of the four states or conditions in which a substance can exist: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

A

phase

43
Q

a change which occurs without changing the identity of the substance

A

physical change

44
Q

a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

A

pure substance

45
Q

a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions

A

saturation

46
Q

having the ability to be dissolved in another substance

A

soluble

47
Q

in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

A

solvent

48
Q

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

A

mass

49
Q

a solid in which all the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

A

crystal pattern

50
Q

process in which liquid water changes to water vapor with the addition of energy

A

evaporation

51
Q

a porous material through which a substance is passed in order to separate the fluid from suspended particulate matter

A

filtering

52
Q

a mixture that is not mixed evenly and each component retains its own properties

A

heterogeneous

53
Q

solid, liquid or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout

A

homogeneous

54
Q

the physical combination of 2 or more substances; can be separated by physical means

A

mixtures

55
Q

to separate and retain the coarse parts to remove lumps and large particles

A

sifting

56
Q

property of metal and alloys that allow heat or electricity charges to pass through the material easily

A

conductivity

57
Q

an element below and to the left of the stair-step line of metalloids; about 80% of the known elements are _____; _____ are shiny, good conductors, low specific heat, high melting points, malleable, and ductile

A

metals

58
Q

an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic numbers that demonstrates the periodic patterns that occur among the elements

A

The Periodic Table of Elements

https: //pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/#view=table
https: //ptable.com/#Properties

59
Q

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

A

physical property

60
Q

the ability of an atom or molecule to undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule or compound

A

reactivity

61
Q

the process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances

A

Chemical change

62
Q

the reactants and products in the reaction that are contained to reduce error

A

Closed System

63
Q

not soluble; will not dissolve

A

Insoluble

64
Q

uneven distribution of charges across a molecule

A

polarity

65
Q

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius

A

Specific Heat - low specific heat means a substance will heat up quickly

66
Q

the quality of water that makes it able to dissolve more substances than any other solvent

A

universal solvent

67
Q

A vertical column in the periodic table; also called a chemical family

A

group

68
Q

Row of elements

A

period

69
Q

An element that has some properties of metals and nonmetals

A

metalloids

70
Q

nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon are essential to life and are what type of elements

A

nonmetals

71
Q

Positively charged particle present in the nucleus of atoms

A

proton

72
Q

Neutral charged particle present in the nucleus of atoms

A

neutron

73
Q

Negatively charged particles that move about the nucleus in an electron cloud

A

electron

74
Q

The process in which some isotopes are unstable and decay into other isotopes; measured in half-life

A

radioactive decay

Science 8 (All Units) (10 decks)

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