P1- Matter

Question 1

What did daltons model show?

Answer 1

• all the atoms in an element are the same
• the atoms in one element are different from the atoms in all other elements.
• atoms were small indestructible spheres

Question 2

What did Thompson find out about the atom?

Answer 2

• it contained a smaller particle called an electron

- he also found out that electrons were negative charged

Question 3

What two ideas did Thompson have to make sense of?

Answer 3

• an atom contains negative electrons.

- Overall, atomes have no charge so they are neutral.

Question 4

What was Thompson’s model called?

Answer 4

The plum pudding model

Question 5

What did the plum pudding model consist of?

Answer 5

In this model..

• the atom consists of positive mass.
• there are negative electrons embedded in it.
• he did not know what the positive mass was made of.

Question 6

What was the experiment Rutherford did?

Answer 6

• he found that some materials emit particles
• these alpha particles have a positive charge
• he fired them at a piece of gold foil
• some went straight through and some bounced back or deflected.

Question 7

What did Rutherford conclude after his experiment?

Answer 7

• he suggested that the atom was made of a tiny positively charged nucleus.
• also that it was surrounded by electrons on the outside
• most of the atoms mass is its nucleus

Question 8

What are the two types of particles in the nucleus?

Answer 8

• Protons

- Neutrons

Question 9

In 1913, what did Niels Bohr suggest about the atomic model?

Answer 9

• in the Thompson model electrons were expected to spiral until they hit the nucleus.
• so he suggested that electrons can only move in fixed orbits called electron shells.

Question 10

What is density?

Answer 10

• density tells you how much mass there is in a certain volume.
• density= mass/volume
• kg/m3

Question 11

Why are solids denser than liquids and gases?

Answer 11

• particles are closer together

in 1cm3 of a solid there are more particles than in 1cm3 of liquid or gas.

Question 12

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 12

• if a material changes state its mass will not change if it is in a closed system.
• ie. when 1kg of ice melts you will get 1kg of water.

Question 13

What is a temperature difference of 1 degrees Celsius in degrees Kelvin?

Answer 13

• the same thing as 1 degrees Celsius difference is equal to one degrees Kelvin difference.

Question 14

What is 1 degrees Celsius in Kelvin?

Answer 14

-274 Kelvin

Question 15

What is the difference between energy and temperature?

Answer 15

• The energy store depends on the arrangement of particles and how fast they are vibrating.
• temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles.

Question 16

What happens when you heat something up?

Answer 16

• change the energy stored and increase the temperature.
• could produce a change in state.
• cause chemical reactions to happen

Question 17

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

Answer 17

• a chemical change isn’t easily reversible.
• a chemical change involved atoms breaking and making bonds.
• physical changes just rearrange particles and so they are easily reversible.

Question 18

What affects the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a material?

Answer 18

• the type of material
• the mass of material
• the temperature rise

Question 19

What is the specific heat capacity of an material?

Answer 19

-The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of w material by 1K

Question 20

What is the equation for the specific heat capacity of a material?

Answer 20

• Change in thermal energy = mass x temperature change x specific heat capacity

Question 21

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

Answer 21

4200 J/KGCelsius

Question 22

What is the change of state from gas to solid?

Answer 22

Depositing

Question 23

What is the change of state from solid to gas?

Answer 23

Subliming

Question 24

What is the specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 24

• the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from solid to liquid state.
• or the opposite, liquid state to solid state.

Question 25

What is the specific latent heat for vaporisation?

Answer 25

• the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from liquid to gas.

Question 26

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

Answer 26

• thermal energy for a change in state= mass x specific latent heat.

Question 27

What happens to the pressure when the volume is doubled?

Answer 27

-the pressure halves as they are inversely proportional

Question 28

How do you calculate with volume and pressure?

Answer 28

• Volume(m3) x pressure(Pa) = constant

Question 29

What would happen if alpha particles were fired through the plum pudding model?

Answer 29

They would pass straight through

Question 30

What would happen if alpha particles were fired at daltons model?

Answer 30

They would bounce off

Question 31

What is the SI unit for temperature

Answer 31

Kelvin

Question 32

What is double 10c?

Answer 32

566K

You can’t double C, you have to convert to Kelvin first