P1 Exam Flashcards
Which statement is an accurate description of Cognitive Psychology?
A) Cognitive Psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.
B) Cognitive Psychology examines the mind and how it processes the various information we observe every day by focusing on patterns of behavior.
C) Cognitive Psychology emphasizes how the mind works. It stresses the importance of studying the mind’s processes and functions than its structures.
D) Cognitive psychology believes that both the observable behaviors and the unobservable mental processes do not go hand-in-hand in order to understand the human mind.
A) Cognitive Psychology is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.
Which statement is NOT an accurate description of Cognitive Psychology?
A) Cognitive Psychology examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas, can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning.
B) Cognitive Psychology is significant because if we know where we came from, we may have a better understanding of where we are heading.
C) Cognitive psychology hope to learn how people think by studying how people do not have thoughts about thinking.
D) Cognitive Psychology helps us understand much of what goes on in our everyday lives.
C) Cognitive psychology hope to learn how people think by studying how people do not have thoughts about thinking.
Looking at the History & evolution of Psychology, which statement proved to be incorrect?
A) By the twentieth century, Psychology had emerged as a distinct field of study. Dewey focused on the structures of the mind (leading to structuralism), whereas James and Wundt focused on the processes of the mind (functionalism).
B) Emerging from this dialectic was Associationism, espoused by Ebbinghaus and Thorndike. It paved the way for behaviorism by underscoring the importance of mental associations.
C) Another step toward Behaviorism was Pavlov’s discovery of the principles of classical conditioning. Watson and, later, Skinner were the chief proponents of behaviorism.
D) Behaviorism focused entirely on observable links between an organism’s behavior and
particular environmental contingencies that strengthen or weaken the likelihood that specific
behaviors will be repeated.
A) By the twentieth century, Psychology had emerged as a distinct field of study. Dewey focused on the structures of the mind (leading to structuralism), whereas James and Wundt focused on the processes of the mind (functionalism).
Which statement is FALSE in understanding Structuralism and its counterparts?
A) Structuralism was the first major school of thought. It examines what constitutes the human mind and wants to understand its structure.
B) Structuralism was a preexisting approach at the time, which opened opportunities to counter it. Another school of thought challenged structuralism and that was behaviorism.
C) Functionalism emphasizes how the mind works. It stresses the importance of studying the mind’s processes and functions than its structures.
D) Functionalism aims to understand the purpose of mental processes in terms of adapting to
the environment.
B) Structuralism was a preexisting approach at the time, which opened opportunities to counter it. Another school of thought challenged structuralism and that was behaviorism.
Under Associationism, which statement is FALSE?
A) Associationism examines how elements of the mind, like events or ideas, can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning.
B) Frequency is when you associate certain experiences that keep on occurring frequently. For example, every morning, soon after you wake up, you check your Facebook and Twitter. The more you do it every day, the stronger the frequency, and the more you will continue to do it.
C) Contrast is when you associate experiences that tend to have opposite attributes. For example, you remember one of your best experiences back in 2018. Your mind then associates that experience with one of your other best experiences that occurred on that same frequency in the same year.
D) Associationism investigates how associations from the different experiences can produce learning.
C) Contrast is when you associate experiences that tend to have opposite attributes. For example, you remember one of your best experiences back in 2018. Your mind then associates that experience with one of your other best experiences that occurred on that same frequency in the same year.
Applying the principles of the different schools of thoughts, which among the statements below
is false.
A) In Gestalt, you need to consider the whole experience you have while perceiving the flower.
B) For a Structuralist, it is not enough to only examine the flower’s color and size but also, the emotions it evoked.
C) For a behaviorist, it is important to see the effect of the flower on a person’s perception and behavior.
D) For an Associationist, it is important to see and perceive how the flower will have an effect in the overall experience and what emotion a person associates with it.
B) For a Structuralist, it is not enough to only examine the flower’s color and size but also, the emotions it evoked.
Which statement correctly describes Nurture vs Nature.
A) The interaction between our innate (inborn) nature and environmental nurture may govern human nature.
B) The interaction between our innate (inborn) nature and environmental nurture does not govern human nature.
C) The interaction between our innate (inborn) nature and psychoanalytic nurture never governs human nature.
D) The interaction between our innate (inborn) nature and environmental nurture always governs human nature.
A) The interaction between our innate (inborn) nature and environmental nurture may govern human nature.
Which of the following statements correctly describes a dialectic process.
A) A dialectic is a developmental process where ideas evolve over time through a pattern of
transformation.
B) A dialectic process involves thesis, antithesis & synthesis.
C) Statements A & B are both true and correct.
D) None of the statements are true and correct.
C) Statements A & B are both true and correct.
Which of the following correctly describes the 3 dialectic patterns.
A) A thesis is a statement of belief.
B) An antithesis is a statement that counters a previous statement of belief.
C) A Synthesis integrates the viewpoints.
D) All statements A, B & C are correct.
D) All statements A, B & C are correct.
Which statement correctly describes a Synthesis.
A) The debate between the thesis and the antithesis leads to a synthesis.
B) A synthesis integrates the most credible features of each of two (or more) views.
C) Statements A & B are both correct.
D) Statements A & B are both incorrect.
C) Statements A & B are both correct.
Which statement best describes Intelligence?
A) Intelligence is a concept that can be viewed as tying together all cognitive psychology.
B) Intelligence is about your ability to understand your experiences, stand out to these experiences
and to the environment in general.
C) Statements A & B are both correct.
D) Statements A & B are both incorrect.
A) Intelligence is a concept that can be viewed as tying together all cognitive psychology.
Which statement correctly describes the Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence?
A) John B. Carroll proposed his model of intelligence by way of using rock layers as an
analogy.
B) Intelligence is a general intellectual ability factor that is fully tapped by all other mental abilities.
C) Statements A & B are both correct.
D) Statements A & B are both incorrect.
A) John B. Carroll proposed his model of intelligence by way of using rock layers as an analogy.
Recalling the discussion on Multiple Intelligence, which among the statements proved to be
correct?
A) Intelligence is a single, unifying concept, like general intelligence, and not a composition of
multiple constructs independent from one another.
B) Linguistic Intelligence is used in reading books, writing a paper, a novel or a poem.
C) Statements A & B are both correct.
D) Statements A & B are both incorrect.
B) Linguistic Intelligence is used in reading books, writing a paper, a novel or a poem.
“For a person to be successful in his/her life, he/she must improve upon his/her strengths as
well as learn to compensate for his/her weaknesses”. Robert Sternberg described which specific Cognitive Intelligence model?
A) Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence
C) Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
B) Theory of Multiple Intelligence
D) All of the above.
C) Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
All of the given statements are true for cognition except for:
A) Focus of intelligence is cognition.
B) Cognition deals with thinking, learning and remembering of information – known as information
processing.
C) Information processing can be viewed in terms of three different kinds of components:
Metacomponents, Perception components & Knowledge-acquisition components.
D) Performance components are used for implementing the commands of the metacomponents.
C) Information processing can be viewed in terms of three different kinds of components: Metacomponents, Perception components & Knowledge-acquisition components.
Below is a perfect example of Information processing components except for:
A) Setting up an Investment Plan - Plan on how exactly you are going to invest your money. Followed by setting up the step-by-step investment plan. Lastly, make necessary adjustments based on market research & feedback.
B) First Time to cook Pinakbet – Write down all ingredients needed for pinakbet. Setup the guide to cooking and finally serve the pinakbet with a smile.
C) Setting for a Garden Wedding – Plan on your wedding. List down all possible choice including venue options, menu & even your entourage. Lastly, based on feedback & research, choose your
best option for the Garden Wedding.
D) All answers are correct.
B) First Time to cook Pinakbet – Write down all ingredients needed for pinakbet. Setup the guide to cooking and finally serve the pinakbet with a smile.
What are the 3 aspects of Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
A) Creative, Hypothetical, Practical Abilities
B) Creative, Narrative, Practical Abilities
C) Creative, Analytical, Cognitive Abilities
D) Creative, Analytical, Practical Abilities
D) Creative, Analytical, Practical Abilities
Below are a list of psychology proponents and their theories except for:
A) Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence.
C) BF Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
B) George Herbert Mead’s Classical Conditioning
D) John Caroll’s 3-Stratum of Intelligence
B) George Herbert Mead’s Classical Conditioning
Below are examples of Multiple Intelligence except for:
A) Musical Intelligence example is singing.
B) Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence example is Dancing.
C) Spatial Intelligence is capacity to deal with other people.
D) Linguistic Intelligence is the capacity to understand spoken words, reading a book, writing a
novel or poem.
C) Spatial Intelligence is capacity to deal with other people.
Below is a correct analogy in Cognitive Psychology except for:
A) Gardner: Multiple Intelligence as Caroll: 3-Stratum Intelligence
B) BF Skinner: Operant as Ivan Pavlov: Classical
C) Wundt: Behaviorism as Dewey: Functionalism
D) Descartes: Cogito Ergo Sum as Locke: Tabula Rasa
C) Wundt: Behaviorism as Dewey: Functionalism
A person who has fallen in the building was comatose for a month, when he woke up a big change has happened in which he now became a music genius, however after a week he suddenly died. The family is curious with the condition he had and same goes with his doctor so they decided to conduct a postmortem study. What is the primary purpose of conducting postmortem studies in medical research?
A) To identify the underlying causes of death that were not evident during the patient’s lifetime.
B) To analyze the effectiveness of medical treatments and interventions on deceased patients.
C) To advance medical knowledge by studying disease progression and treatment outcomes.
D) To provide closure to the families of deceased patients by explaining the exact cause of death.
D) To provide closure to the families of deceased patients by explaining the exact cause of death.
A group of researchers is conducting a study about the origins and development of human
cognitive abilities. In the study, they are using live non-human animals to serve as an insight in knowing the evolutionary factors in influencing human cognition. Based from the scenario how does studying live non-human animals contribute to understanding the human mind?
A) By directly replicating human cognitive behaviors and processes observed in animals.
B) By providing insights into evolutionary principles that underlie human cognition.
C) By serving as perfect models for testing medical treatments and pharmaceuticals targeted at human brain function.
D) By pinpointing the exact neural mechanisms responsible for human emotions and consciousness.
B) By providing insights into evolutionary principles that underlie human cognition.
All of the following have been used to study human mind except for one. Which among the choices is not considered to be used in studying human mind?
A) X-ray
B) Electroencephalogram
C) magnetic resonance imaging scans
D) Angiography
A) X-ray
A team of medical researchers is considering the use of PET scans for the metabolic changes in the brains of patients that has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease the purpose of implying this is to visualize and quantify the changes in not invasive ways. Out of the choices presented is the primary purpose of conducting the PET scan except for?
A) To detect and map metabolic activity in the brain using radioactive tracers.
B) To monitor changes in blood flow and oxygenation levels in different brain regions.
C) To assess structural abnormalities such as lesions and tumors in the brain.
D) To measure neurotransmitter levels and their binding to specific receptors in the brain.
C) To assess structural abnormalities such as lesions and tumors in the brain.
