Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Question 1

The study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.

a. Neuropsychology
b. Gestalt psychology
c. Cognitive psychology

Answer 1

c. Cognitive psychology

Question 2

Mental shortcuts we use to process information.

a. Dialectic
b. Heuristics
c. Synthesis

Answer 2

b. Heuristics

Question 3

When we think about an issue and certain examples immediately comes to mine, we are using the?

a. Availability heuristics
b. Philosophical heuristics
c. Common heuristics

Answer 3

a, Availability heuristics

Question 4

A _________ is a developmental process whereby ideas evolve over time through a back-and-forth exchange of ideas; in a way, it is like a discussion spread out over an extended period of time.

a. Dialectic
b. Thesis
c. Antithesis

Answer 4

a. Dialectic

Question 5

It is proposed and a statement of belief.

a. Antithesis
b. Thesis
c. Synthesis

Answer 5

b. Thesis

Question 6

It emerges and it is a statement that counter a thesis.

a. Antithesis
b. Thesis
c. Synthesis

Answer 6

a. Antithesis

Question 7

It integrates viewpoints.

a. Thesis
b. Synthesis
c. Antithesis

Answer 7

b. Synthesis

Question 8

The debate between the ________ and ________ leads to a _________.

a. Synthesis; Thesis; Anti thesis
b. Antithesis; Synthesis; Thesis
c. Thesis; Antithesis; Synthesis

Answer 8

c. Thesis; Antithesis; Synthesis

Question 9

Seeks to understand the general nature of many aspects of the world, inpart through introspection, the examination of inner ideas and experiences (from intro, “inward, within,” and spect, “look”).

a. Psychology
b. Philosophy
c. Physiology

Answer 9

b. Philosophy

Question 10

Seeks a scientific study of life-sustaining functions in living matter, primarily through empirical (observation based) methods.

a. Psychology
b. Philosophy
c. Physiology

Answer 10

c. Physiology

Question 11

Two Greek philosophers who affected modern thinking in psychology and other fields.

a. Socrates and Heraclitus
b. Pythagoras and Epicurus
c. Plato and Aristotle

Answer 11

c. Plato and Aristotle

Question 12

Believes that the route to knowledge is through thinking and logical analysis.

a. Rationalist
b. Empiricist
c. Structuralists

Answer 12

a. Rationalist

Question 13

Believes that we acquire knowledge via empirical evidence - that is, we obtain evidence through experience and observation.

a. Rationalist
b. Empiricist
c. Functionalist

Answer 13

b. Empiricist

Question 14

_______ was a rationalist while _______ was an empiricist.

a. Plato; Aristotle
b. Aristotle; Plato

Answer 14

a. Plato; Aristotle

Question 15

He was a French rationalist (1596 - 1650).

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 15

a. René Descartes

Question 16

He was a British empiricist (1632 - 1704).

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 16

c. John Locke

Question 17

He viewed the introspective, reflective method as being superior to empirical methods for finding truth.

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 17

a. René Descartes

Question 18

Believed that humans are born without knowledge and therefore must seek knowledge through empirical observation and believed that the study of learning was the key to understanding the human mind. He also believed that there are no innate ideas.

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 18

c. John Locke

Question 19

The term for his view was “tabula rasa”.

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 19

c. John Locke

Question 20

The famous expression “cogito, ergo sum” stems from:

a. René Descartes
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. John Locke

Answer 20

a. René Descartes

Question 21

“Cogito, ergo sum” translates to:

a. Tabula rasa
b. I think, therefore I am
c. Blank slate

Answer 21

b. I think, therefore I am

Question 22

“Tabula rasa” translates to:

a. Blank slate
b. Cogito, ergo sum
c. I think, therefore I am

Answer 22

a. Blank slate

Question 23

He synthesized the views of Descartes and Locke, arguing that both rationalism and empiricism have their place (1724 - 1804).

a. Edward Titchener
b. Immanuel Kant
c. B.F Skinner

Answer 23

b. Immanuel Kant

Question 24

The first and major school of thought in psychology and seeks to understand the structure (configuration of elements) of the mind and its perceptions by analyzing into their constituent components (affection, attention, memory, and sensation).

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 24

d. Structuralism

Question 25

An alternative to structuralism and seeks to understand what people do and why they do it. Suggest that psychologists should focus on the processes of thought rather than on its contents.

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 25

a. Functionalism

Question 26

Examines how elements of the mind, such as events or ideas, can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning.

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 26

b. Associationism

Question 27

Focuses only on the relation between observable behavior and environmental stimuli.

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 27

e. Behaviorism

Question 28

States that we best understand psychological phenomena when we view them as organized, structured wholes.

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 28

c. Gestalt psychology

Question 29

The maxim “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” aptly sums up the:

a. Functionalism
b. Associationism
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Structuralism
e. Behaviorism

Answer 29

c. Gestalt Psychology